FINES, in factories, disapproval of, 154; lists of, compelled to be displayed in buildings, 155. FISCAL Reforms, effects of, of Cobden, Bright and Peel, 16. FITZWILLIAM, Earl, descended from a Lord Mayor of London, 14. FOOTBALL, popularity of, 416; a recent growth, 416; feuds among players at, 416; dangers of a referee at modern matches, 416. FOREIGNERS, resident in England, over 200,000, 222; number of, doubled in twenty years, 222; majority of, engaged in business, 222; and nearly one-half of total number in London, 222; European, about 170,000, 224; American, about 26,000, 224; remainder Asiatics or Africans, 224; proportion of males to females among, 224; distribution and employments of, 226; pauperism amongst, 226; small proportion of, employed as clerks, 227; opinions of, on changes in appearance of English people in twenty years, 152. FOREIGN intelligence, no longer dependent on telegrams, 386; vast machinery and expenditure for supply of, 386. FRANCE, industry in, effects of revolution on, 21; all classes in, involved in common ruin, as a consequence of revolution, 21. FREE Libraries, establishment of, 362; popularity of, 363; sketches of working-men students at, 364; origin and gradual growth of, 365; the Chetham Library, 365; the Guildhall Library, 365; the Manchester Library, 365; the Ewart Act, and its relation to, 365; growth of metropolitan free libraries, 366; examination of books most in demand at the, 368. FUSION of classes, product of Victorian era, 114; and keynote of our epoch, 201; a process of levelling up, not down, 201. G GALLOWS, in public highways until Lord Grey's Reform Act, 40. GAMBLING, committee on, in 1844, 410; number of, hells in 1841, 411; 'Crockfords' as a, club, 411; 'play and pay,' abolished 412. GLADSTONE, W. E., and Sir Robert Peel, comparative popularity of, 10; scheme of, for converting consols in 1853, 22.