[133] _Psychologisch-ethische Untersuchungen zur Werttheorie_, Graz, 1894, pt. I, chap. I, esp. p. 21. [134] "La psychologie en economie politique," _Revue Philosophique_, vol. XII, pp. 337-38. [135] _Op. cit._, pp. 41 _et seq._ [136] See chapter XVI, _infra_. [137] The German, with its facility in compounding, offers a convenient nomenclature here: _Wert_ and _Unwert_. _Cf._ Ehrenfels, _op. cit._, for a brief discussion of negative values (pp. 53-54). [138] For this generalization, see Urban, _op. cit._, chap. VI; Ehrenfels, _op. cit._, vol. II, chap. III, esp. p. 86. [139] An analogue in the field of social values is readily suggested. A new heresy starts, opposed by the dominant element in the social will, _i.e._, having a negative value for the majority. As the heresy increases, the negative value rises till, in a crucial point, the tide turns, and the heretics become the dominant element in the society. Then--since their position is far from certain--new recruits to the heresy have a high positive value, but, as the heresy still further spreads, additional recruits count for less and less. [140] _Cf._ Urban, _op. cit._, _passim_; Ehrenfels, _op. cit._, vol. I, pp. 43 _et seq._; Mackenzie, criticism of Ehrenfels and Meinong in _Mind_, Oct., 1899. _Cf._ also, Wicksteed, _The Common Sense of Political Economy_, London, 1910, pp. 402 _et seq._ [141] The generalization of the idea of price, while not original with Wicksteed, is interestingly developed by him in chaps. I and II of his _Common Sense of Political Economy_, London, 1910. [142] Davenport, _op. cit._, pp. 303-11, gives a good summary of economic discussions of hedonism. His own view is that the Austrians are not essentially bound up with hedonism. [143] _Supra_, chaps. VI and VII. CHAPTER XI RECAPITULATION. THE SOCIAL VALUES. FUNCTIONS OF THE VALUE CONCEPT IN ECONOMICS