The single offender, who is usually a reputable citizen who commits crime through passion or through great temptation, can usually best be dealt with outside of prison walls. The young single offender, if not properly handled, may be easily transformed into an habitual criminal. On the whole, a young single offender who has had no criminal record is, perhaps, best dealt with by the system of probation which we will note later. On the other hand, certain single offenders past thirty years of age, such as bribe-givers and bribe-takers, society may have to punish in order to make an example of. Exemplary punishment is, undoubtedly, still necessary in some cases, and in the main it should be reserved for this class of mature offenders in society who have otherwise lived reputable lives. Just how far exemplary punishment should be used in society as a deterrent to crime is a disputed question among penologists. Whether, as in cases of homicide, it should ever go to the extent of capital punishment or not depends very much upon the civilization of the group. In a civilization like ours, where blood vengeance is so often demanded by mobs, it is probably unwise, for the present at least, to seek the abolition of capital punishment for murder in the first degree. _The Prison System._ Every state should have at least six distinct sets of institutions to deal with the criminal class. 1. County and city jails for the detention of offenders awaiting trial. 2. Reform schools for delinquent children under sixteen years of age who require institutional treatment. 3. Industrial reformatories for adult first offenders between sixteen and thirty years of age who require institutional treatment. 4. Special reformatories for vagrants, inebriates, and prostitutes. 5. A hospital prison for the criminal insane. 6. County and state penitentiaries for incorrigible, hardened criminals.