It is, then, clear and evident that the repartition of excessive fortunes
among a small number of individuals, while the masses are in need, is an
iniquity and an injustice. In the same way, absolute equality would be an
obstacle to life, to welfare, to order and to the peace of humanity. In
such a question moderation is preferable. It lies in the capitalists’
being moderate in the acquisition of their profits, and in their having a
consideration for the welfare of the poor and needy—that is to say, that
the workmen and artisans receive a fixed and established daily wage—and
have a share in the general profits of the factory.
It would be well, with regard to the common rights of manufacturers,
workmen and artisans, that laws be established, giving moderate profits to
manufacturers, and to workmen the necessary means of existence and
security for the future. Thus when they become feeble and cease working,
get old and helpless, or leave behind children under age, they and their
children will not be annihilated by excess of poverty. And it is from the
income of the factory itself, to which they have a right, that they will
derive a share, however small, toward their livelihood.
In the same way, the workmen should no longer make excessive claims and
revolt, nor demand beyond their rights; they should no longer go out on
strike; they should be obedient and submissive and not ask for exorbitant
wages. But the mutual and reasonable rights of both associated parties
will be legally fixed and established according to custom by just and
impartial laws. In case one of the two parties should transgress, the
court of justice should condemn the transgressor, and the executive branch
should enforce the verdict; thus order will be reestablished, and the
difficulties, settled. The interference of courts of justice and of the
government in difficulties pending between manufacturers and workmen is
legal, for the reason that current affairs between workmen and
manufacturers cannot be compared with ordinary affairs between private
persons, which do not concern the public, and with which the government
should not occupy itself. In reality, although they appear to be private
matters, these difficulties between the two parties produce a detriment to
the public; for commerce, industry, agriculture and the general affairs of
the country are all intimately linked together. If one of these suffers an
abuse, the detriment affects the mass. Thus the difficulties between
workmen and manufacturers become a cause of general detriment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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