Some old masters of Greek architectureDouglas, Harry
History
Some old masters of Greek architecture
Douglas, Harry
Architecture -- Greece; Architecture, Greek
The basis of the plan were two main streets crossing each other at
right angles, each one hundred feet wide and lined with colonnades. The
other streets were to run parallel to these. Near the centre of the
proposed city was to be clustered the public buildings, the Museum and
the Serna, which subsequently contained an alabaster coffin in which
rested the remains of Alexander. Alabaster, which the Greeks obtained
from Thebes, was much used for mortuary purposes, as well as for
columns and statues.
Plutarch also describes the planning of the city as follows: “As
chalk-dust was lacking, they laid out their lines on the black, loamy
soil with flour, first swinging a circle to enclose a wide space, and
then drawing lines as chords of the arc to complete with harmonious
proportions, something like the oblong form of a soldier’s cape.
While the king was congratulating himself on this plan, on a sudden a
countless number of birds of various sorts flew over from the land and
the lake in clouds, and, settling upon the spot, devoured in a short
time all the flour, so that Alexander was much disturbed in mind at the
omen involved, till the augurs restored his confidence again, telling
him the city he was planning was destined to be rich in resources and a
feeder of the nations of men,” a prophecy which proved its truth in the
fulfilment.
Dinocrates was not, however, the only architect employed in laying
out so large a city, as might naturally be supposed, although he
was, of course, the governing one. How many more there were it would
be difficult to say, but there is record at least of two others,
both probably employed by the rapacious and unscrupulous Cleomenes,
whom Alexander left in Egypt as hyparch under Ptolemy Philadelphus.
Olynthius is the name given of one of these architects and Parmenion
of the other. The latter was entrusted more particularly with
the superintendency of the works of sculpture, especially in the
temple of Serapis, which, by the way, came to be called by his name,
Pharmenionis. Bryaxis is also credited with statuary work there.
Upon the island of Pharos, which was joined to the city of Alexander
by a wide mole, about three-quarters of a mile long, in which were two
bridges over channels communicating between the eastern and western
harbors, was built by Ptolemy Soter and his son in the year 282 B.C., a
most famous lighthouse and a very glorious ancestor of such guardians
of the coast as exist to-day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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