E. H. Lewinski-Corwin’s _Political History of Poland_, New York, 1917, is perhaps the best account of the subject available in English, although marred by a certain amount of patriotic exaggeration and party prejudice. Among works dealing with the several territories which have been in dispute, the following are notable: On Prussian Poland: Ludwig Bernhard, _Die Polenfrage_. Leipzig, 1910. (A moderate German view.) Joseph Partsch, _Schlesien_, pts. 1-2. Breslau, 1896-1911. “Liber” (C. Andrzejewski), _Das Deutschtum in Westpolen (Preussisch-Polen), seine Zahl, seine Gliederung, sein Stärkeverhältniss gegenüber den Polen_. Posen, 1919. On the Galician question: W. Lutoslawski and E. Romer, _The Ruthenian Question in Galicia_. Paris, 1919. H. Grappin, _Polonais et ruthènes. La question de Galicie_. Paris, 1919. Both these works are partisan statements from the Polish side. M. Lozynsky, _Les “Droits” de la Pologne sur la Galicie_. Lausanne, 1917. E. Levitsky, _La Guerre polono-ukrainienne en Galicie_. Berne, 1919. This and the preceding represent the Ukrainian point of view. On the question of Poland’s eastern frontier: L. Wasilewski, _Die Ostprovinzen des alten Polenreichs_. Cracow, 1916. By all means the most complete and illuminating survey of Poland’s past relations with Lithuania, White Russia, and the Ukraine, and of the recent growth of nationalist movements in those regions. K. Verbelis, _La Lituanie russe_. Geneva, 1918. (Lithuanian views and claims.) T. Savtchenko, _L’Ukraine et la question ukrainienne_. Paris, 1918. (Views of a Ukrainian nationalist.) [Illustration: POLAND] FOOTNOTES: [43] Here and in the ensuing chapters the word ‘race’ is used in its popular sense, as virtually equivalent to ‘people’ or ‘nation,’ rather than in the strict sense in which the word is employed by ethnologists. R. H. L. [44] The Peace Conference appears to have adopted last autumn some sort of a provisional boundary for Poland on the east. As far as I understand the matter, however, this boundary represents only a minimum line. Whatever lies to the west of it is indisputably Polish, and henceforth in the opinion of the Conference should belong unconditionally to Poland. It is not implied, however, that Poland may not have valid claims to additional territories farther east--claims which can only be settled by negotiations between Poland and Russia. [45] If the territory of the Free City of Danzig be included in this reckoning, the number of Germans that may be separated from the Empire would rise to 2,400,000 in round numbers. [46] This figure refers to that part of East Prussia which will unquestionably remain to Germany. If the Mazurian and Marienwerder plebiscite areas vote to remain with Germany, the number of Germans cut off from the _Reich_ by the Polish couloir will be a little over 2,000,000.