On the Saar coal field, see _The Coal Resources of the World_ (Toronto, 1913); the _Atlas of Mineral Resources_ published by the U. S. Geological Survey; the study of Gallois, in _Travaux du Comité d’Etudes_, i, and _Annales de géographie_, July 15, 1919; E. de Margerie, in _Enquête sur les richesses minérales du Nord-est de la France et des régions voisines_, with maps (Paris, 1918); Friedrich A. Schmidt, _Der Saarkohlenbergbau in Lothringen_ (Strasburg diss., 1914); and the local geological surveys and mining reports. On the growth of manufactures, see J. Kollmann, _Die Grossindustrie des Saargebiets_ (Stuttgart, 1911). * * * * * An admirable presentation of the historical geography of the Left Bank will be found in the _Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinprovinz_ (Bonn, 1898-). For the frontiers of 1814 and 1815, see the _Atlas_ of the Comité d’Etudes. [Illustration: ALSACE-LORRAINE AND THE SAAR VALLEY Scale 1: 1,500,000 _Eastern limit of French speech according to C. This._ _Limits of Territory of the Saar._ _Iron ore_ } _Areas represent_ } _extent of holdings,_ _Coal_ } _mines shown thus_ (_with seams_) } _Potash_ _Petroleum_ _Canals_ _Based on Gallors’ map in the Geographical Review, VI_] FOOTNOTES: [31] Dietrich Schäfer, “Die deutsch-französische Sprachgrenze,” in _Internationale Wochenschrift_, vii, p. 19 (1912). [32] Articles 354-362. [33] Article 65. [34] Articles 358-360. [35] E. Denis, in _Travaux du Comité d’études_, i, p. 414. [36] Articles 428-432. [37] These treaties, the American one not yet ratified, and the agreements concerning occupation of the Rhine will be found in the _Supplement to the American Journal of International Law_, xiii, pp. 404-416. [38] Facsimiles in _Atlas_ of the Comité d’Etudes. [39] “Landau et Sarrelouis villes françaises,” in _Revue de Paris_, March 15, 1919. [40] Articles 42-50 and annex, with official map. [41] Annex to the Saar section of the treaty, § 23. [42] Keynes, _The Economic Consequences of the Peace_, p. 263. V POLAND Among all the results of the War and of the Peace Treaties, there is, perhaps, none which would have caused our forefathers greater joy or greater astonishment than the resurrection of Poland. It is heartening to dwell for a moment on the moral significance of this great event, and to recall what the name of Poland stood for down to the time when Bismarck banished sentiment from politics and attempted to exorcise the idea of an ‘immanent justice’ in history.