Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
The King-crab, viewed from above, consists of three parts. The anterior
shield or carapace is semi-circular in form, with two spines or
projecting points at the angles, raised in the middle and sloping down
to a smooth or moderately sharp edge in front. The eyes are set like
windows in this shield. Two large ones at the sides, which are compound
eyes consisting of numerous ocelli or little eyes, and two microscopic
ones in front, at the base of a little spine, which are simple. The
second or abdominal part is also in one piece, somewhat quadrate in
form, with ridges and serratures at the sides armed with spines, and
which may be said to simulate the separate joints into which the
abdomen of an ordinary Crustacean is divided. The third part is a
long tail spine, triangular in cross section, sharply pointed, and so
jointed to the posterior end of the abdomen that it can be freely moved
in any direction as a bayonet-like weapon of defence. When unable to
escape from an enemy it is the habit of the creature to double itself
up by bending the abdomen against the carapace, and erecting the sharp
spine. Thus, with fixed bayonet it awaits attack, like the kneeling
soldier in front of a square.
Below this upper shield, which is thin and papery in the young,
somewhat horny in the adult, are the numerous limbs of the creature,
with which we are at present most concerned. Under the carapace
are several pairs of jointed limbs differing in size and form. The
two anterior are small and peculiarly formed claws, used apparently
in manipulating the food. The four next are larger in size, and are
walking feet, each furnished with two sharp points which form a pincer
for holding. The last pair is much larger and stronger than any of the
others, and armed not only with a pair of pincers, but with four blunt
nail-like points. Under the abdomen are flat swimming feet, as they
have been called, each composed of a broad plate notched and divided in
the middle. When at rest these lie flat on each other, but they can be
flapped back and forth at the will of the animal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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