The conclusion of the whole matter is that there is a fixity and unchangeableness in determinations and arrangements of force just as much as in natural laws; and that while God has made everything beautiful in its time He has also made everything beautiful and useful in some sense for all time. With all this, while the great principles and modes of operation remain unchanged, there is ample scope for development, modification and adaptation to new ends, without deviation from essential properties and characters. It is a wise and thoughtful philosophy which can distinguish what is fixed and unchangeable from that which is fluctuating and capable of development. Until this distinction is fully understood, we may expect one-sided views and faulty generalizations in our attempts to understand nature. References:--"The Chain of Life in Geological Times." London. New Species of Fossil Sponges from the Quebec Group at Little Metis. Trans. Royal Society of Canada, 1889. Fossil Fishes from the Lower Carboniferous of New Brunswick. _Canadian Naturalist_, "Acadian Geology," 1855, and later editions to 1892. London and Montreal. "The Story of the Earth," 1872 and later editions to 1891. London. _THE GREAT ICE AGE._ DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF MY LATE FRIEND DAVID MILNE HOME, LL.D., F.R.S.E., ETC., An eminent and judicious Advocate of sound and moderate Views respecting the Glacial Age. Exaggerated Ideas--The St. Lawrence Valley--Modern Ice Action in the St. Lawrence--Coast Ice--The Icebergs of Belle-Isle--Mt. Blanc and its Glaciers--Effects of Glaciers--Possible Extension of Glaciers--Facts of Glaciation in Canada--Cordilleran Glacier, Laurentide Glacier, Appalachian Glacier--Submerged Valleys and Plains--Double Submergence and Intermediate Partial Elevation--Interglacial Periods--Questions as to Alternate Glaciation of Northern and Southern Hemispheres [Illustration: Modern Boulder Beach.--Little Metis, St. Lawrence Estuary. (From a Photograph.) Showing the manner in which travelled boulders are piled up against the beach by the floating ice of the Modern time (p. 346).] CHAPTER XIII. _THE GREAT ICE AGE._