Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
Let it be observed here also, in connection with the above thoughtful
and frank avowal of one of the ablest of American glacialists, that
the geographical theory provides for that "asymmetry "'or irregular
distribution of glacial deposits to which he refers; since, at every
stage of continental elevation and depression, there must have been
local changes of circumstances; and the same inequality of temperature
in identical latitudes which we observe at present must have existed,
probably in a greater degree, in the Glacial age.
The sufficiency of the Lyellian theory to account for the facts, in so
far as plants are concerned, may, indeed, be inferred from the course
of the isothermal lines at present. The south end of Greenland is on
the latitude of Christiania, in Norway, on the one hand, and of Fort
Liard, in the Peace River region, on the other; and while Greenland
is clad in ice and snow, wheat and other grains, and the ordinary
trees of temperate climates, grow at the latter places. It is evident,
therefore, that only exceptionally unfavourable circumstances prevent
the Greenland area from still possessing a temperate flora, and these
unfavourable circumstances possibly tell even on the localities with
which we have compared it. Further, the mouth of the McKenzie River
is in the same latitude with Disco, near which are some of the most
celebrated localities of fossil Cretaceous and Tertiary plants. Yet
the mouth of the McKenzie River enjoys a much more favourable climate,
and has a much more abundant flora than Disco. If North Greenland were
submerged, and low land reaching to the south terminated at Disco,
and if from any cause either the cold currents of Baffin's Bay were
arrested, or additional warm water thrown into the North Atlantic by
the Gulf Stream, there is nothing to prevent a mean temperature of 45°
Fahrenheit from prevailing at Disco; and the estimate ordinarily formed
of the requirements of its extinct floras is 50°, which is probably
above, rather than below, the actual temperature required.
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