Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
It is only by a somewhat wild poetical licence that Eozoon has been
represented as a "kind of enormous composite animal stretching from the
shores of Labrador to Lake Superior, and thence northward and southward
to an unknown distance, and forming masses 1,500 feet in depth." We
may, it is true, readily believe in the composite nature of masses or
Eozoon, and we see in the corals evidence of the great size to which
composite animals of a higher grade can attain. In the case of Eozoon
we must imagine an ocean floor more uniform and level than that now
existing. On this the organism would establish itself in spots and
patches. These might finally become confluent over large areas, just
as massive corals do. As individual masses attained maturity and died,
their pores would be filled up with limestone or silicious deposits,
and thus could form a solid basis for new generations, and in this way
limestone to an indefinite extent might be produced. Further, wherever
such masses were high enough to be attacked by the breakers, or where
portions of the sea bottom were elevated, the more fragile parts of the
surface would be broken up and scattered widely in beds of fragments
over the bottom of the sea, while here and there beds of mud or sand,
or of volcanic _débris_ would be deposited over the living or dead
organic mass, and would form the layers of gneiss and other schistose
rocks interstratified with the Laurentian limestone. In this way, in
short, Eozoon would perform a function combining that which corals and
Foraminifera perform in the modern seas; forming both reef limestones
and extensive chalky beds, and probably living both in the shallow and
the deeper parts of the ocean. If in connection with this we consider
the rapidity with which the soft, simple, and almost structureless
sarcode of these Protozoa can be built up, and the probability that
they were more abundantly supplied with food, both for nourishing
their soft parts and skeletons, than any similar creatures in later
times, we can readily understand the great volume and extent of the
Laurentian limestones which they aided in producing. I say aided in
producing, because I would not care to commit myself to the doctrine
that the Laurentian limestones are wholly of this origin. There may
have been other limestone builders than Eozoon, and there may have been
limestones formed by plants like the modern Nullipores, or by merely
mineral deposition.
[Illustration: Fig. 11.--Section of a Nummulite, from Eocene Limestone
of Syria. Showing chambers, tubuli, and canals. Compare this and Fig.
12 with Fig. 7 and Nature-print of Eozoon.]
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