The plains along the north central coast, east of the river Tjimanoek, between the sea and the foothills are, with the exception of a few open stretches, devoted to cane growing. There is also a considerable area in cane south of the central chain of mountains. In east Java the sugar estates are found in the wide valley of the river Brantas, on the plateaus of the provinces of Madioen and Kediri, in the fertile plains along the north coast and in the lowlands bordering upon the Bali strait. In 1912 Java had 184 sugar factories in operation, divided among the various residencies as follows: ACREAGE SUGAR PRODUCED RESIDENCY FACTORIES IN CANE TONS OF 2240 LBS. Cheribon 12 22,346 85,728 Pekalongan 15 29,847 124,322 Samarang 12 22,490 97,462 Banjoemas 5 } 18,640 82,142 Kedoe 2 } Djokjakarta 18 27,785 120,384 Soerakarta 16 24,122 97,706 Madioen 6 13,376 47,463 Kediri 20 48,005 195,232 Sourabaya 38 65,633 275,920 Pasoeroean 29 57,684 199,390 Bezoeki 11 16,763 58,493 --- ------- --------- Total 184 346,691 1,384,242 While these figures show the acreage actually under cane, the total amount of land used in the production of the crop is much greater. It takes over twelve months for the cane to mature, and as some fields are being cut others are being planted. The ground required for factory buildings, dwellings, roads and other purposes connected with the industry must also be taken into account, and it has been estimated that altogether 1,200,000 acres are tributary to cane culture. The annual plantings cover about 350,000 acres and the portion of the remainder that is not devoted to roads, buildings and so forth is sown with other crops or allowed to lie fallow for a time. The general plan of crop rotation on an average is: First year May-October, sugar-cane crop is cut. ” October-November, soya beans, maize, etc. ” November-April, rice. Second year April-November, indigo, tobacco, beans, fallow. ” November-April, rice. Third year April until May-October of the fourth year, sugar-cane crop. Sometimes tapioca is planted instead of rice immediately after the cane crop is harvested, but cane invariably follows a rice crop. The European planter confines his operations to sugar cane, and the other products are raised by the native farmer exclusively by his own efforts and on his own account.