1852-53 202,810 1,260,404 1,463,214 86.0 1859-60 451,584 1,340,980 1,792,564 74.3 1864-65 529,793 1,446,934 1,996,727 73.5 1869-70 846,422 1,740,793 2,586,915 67.3 1874-75 1,302,999 1,903,222 3,206,221 59.4 1880-81 1,820,734 2,027,052 3,847,786 52.7 1883-84 2,485,300 2,210,000 4,695,300 47.0 1884-85 2,679,400 2,225,000 4,904,400 45.4 1885-86 2,172,200 2,300,000 4,472,200 51.4 1886-87 2,686,700 2,400,000 5,086,700 47.1 1887-88 2,367,200 2,541,000 4,908,200 51.7 1888-89 3,555,900 2,359,000 5,914,900 40.0 1889-90 3,536,700 2,138,000 5,674,700 37.7 1890-91 3,679,800 2,597,000 6,276,800 41.2 1891-92 3,480,800 3,501,900 6,982,700 51.6 1892-93 3,380,700 3,040,500 6,421,200 47.3 1893-94 3,833,000 3,561,000 7,394,000 48.2 1894-95 4,725,800 3,531,400 8,257,200 42.7 1895-96 4,220,500 2,839,500 7,160,000 39.6 1896-97 4,801,500 2,841,900 7,643,400 37.2 1897-98 4,695,300 2,868,900 7,564,200 38.0 1898-99 4,689,600 2,995,400 7,785,000 38.5 1899-00 5,410,900 2,880,900 8,291,800 34.7 1900-01 5,943,700 3,646,000 9,589,700 38.0 1901-02 6,800,500 4,079,000 10,880,500 37.5 1902-03 5,208,700 4,163,900 9,372,600 44.4 1903-04 6,089,468 4,244,206 10,333,674 41.0 1904-05 4,918,480 4,613,540 9,532,020 48.4 1905-06 7,217,366 6,733,626 13,950,992 48.2 1906-07 7,143,818 7,334,207 14,478,025 50.6 1907-08 7,002,474 6,912,520 13,914,994 49.6 1908-09 6,927,875 7,634,125 14,562,000 52.4 1909-10 6,587,506 8,339,888 13,927,394 59.8 1910-11 8,560,346 8,421,534 16,981,880 49.5 1911-12 6,820,266 9,066,964 15,887,230 57.0 1912-13 8,976,271 9,232,543 18,208,814 50.7 1913-14 8,908,470 9,879,275 18,787,745 54.3 1914-15 8,241,974 10,165,565 18,407,539 55.2 1915-16 5,986,404 10,533,039 16,519,443 63.7 France held the first place in output of beet sugar until 1880, when Germany took the lead and has maintained it ever since. The beet industry assumed important proportions in Austria-Hungary, Russia, Holland and Belgium shortly after 1850, but it was not established in Sweden, Spain and Italy until comparatively recent times. The laws that were passed by the various European countries for the encouragement and protection of beet sugar were so beneficial in their effect that these countries not only were able to supply their own domestic demand, but found themselves able to export sugar. This stimulation finally led to abuses, as a result of which the Brussels convention was brought about and the bounties abolished.