Fahrenheit (D. G.), thermometer, 14 Ferdinand II. (Grand Duke), distributed meteorological instruments, 17 Fergusson (S. P.), 35, 53, 126, 128, 131, 136 Ferrel (W.), theory of cyclones, 173 Flammarion (C.), balloon ascents, 81 Flying machines, future, 59, 174 Fonvielle (W. de), 81, 108 Fˆrster (W.), hypothesis of _Himmelsluft_, 28 Forecasting by kites, 143, 147 Franklin (B.), experiment with kites, 121, 123 Franklin Kite Club, 121 G Galileo (G.), 14, 15 Gay-Lussac (J. L.), balloon ascent, 20, 73 German Emperor (William II.), patron of aeronautics, 86 ---- Society for Promotion of AÎrial Navigation, 86, 93, 106 Glaisher (J.), balloon ascents, 75 _et seq._, 93 Green (C.), aeronaut for Welsh, 74 Grimaldi (F. M.), first measured clouds trigonometrically, 52 Guericke (O. von), experiment of Magdeburg hemispheres, 16 H Hagstrˆm (K.), measured clouds, 53 Halley (E.), measured heights by barometer, 17 Hann (J.), 36, 173 Han Sin, employed kites in warfare, 117 Hargrave (L.), invented cellular kite, 129 Harrington (M. W.), advocated exploring air with kites, 125 Harvard College Observatory, 35, 48 Hazen (H. A.), highest balloon ascent in America, 85 Height of balloon, Cailletet's apparatus for obtaining, 113 Heights of kite-flights at Blue Hill, 21, 140 ---- how measured by barometer, 17, 101 Heim (A.), voyage across the Alps, 92 Hellmann (G.), historical researches, 12 Helmholtz (H. von), wave-cloud, 40 Hergesell (H.), President of Aeronautical Committee, 108 Hermite (G.), 98, 99, 101 Hildebrandsson (H. H.), 42, 65 Hodgkins' Fund of Smithsonian Institution, grant from, 131 Howard (L.), cloud nomenclature, 41 Humboldt (A. von), 18, 20, 35 Humidity, changes with altitudes, 34, 71, 73, 77, 151, 169, 171 ---- diurnal changes at different altitudes, 153 ---- types of change with altitudes, 159 _et seq._ Hutton (J.), cause of precipitation, 38 Hygrometer, invention of, 13 J Jeffries (J.), first scientific balloon ascent, 69 ---- first to cross the English Channel, 71 Jourdanet (D.), hypothesis of descent of man, 24 Jovis, balloon ascent, 84 Jupiter, analogy between cloudiness on earth and on, 51 K Kepler (J.), height of atmosphere, 12 Kew Observatory, 53, 74, 122 Kˆppen (W.), cloud atlas, 43 Kirwan (R.), temperature at different latitudes, 18 Kite, antiquity of the, 117 ---- Eddy or Malay, 124, 129 ---- flights at Blue Hill, 21, 137, 140, 142 ---- Hargrave, 129, 132 ---- Lamson's "aero-curve," 134 ---- photography, 123, 126, 173 ---- theory of, 118, 124, 130 Kites, first scientific use of, 120 ---- first self-recording instruments raised by, 126 ---- oriental tailless, 118 ---- scientific uses of, 173 Kite-winch at Blue Hill, steam, 131, 136 Krakatoa, eruption of volcano, 27 L