Sources of the Synoptic GospelsPatton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Religion
Sources of the Synoptic Gospels
Patton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Bible. Gospels -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Tho placed so differently by Matthew and Luke, this section has the
greatest verbal agreement. Out of fifty-six words in Matthew and
fifty-three in Luke, fifty are identical. Luke omits the repetition of one
verb, omits "desolate" and substitutes two particles of his own for four
of Matthew's. Harnack's explanation of Luke's omission of "desolate"[99]
on the ground that the meaning is the same without it does not seem
conclusive. It is better to assume that it was added by Matthew in
deference to Jer xxii, 5. The wording of the section shows so little
deviation between the two Gospels that it may be assigned simply to Q.
THE DAY OF THE SON OF MAN
(Mt xxiv, 26-27; Lk xvii, 23-24)
There is slight verbal resemblance here, but enough to indicate
unmistakably a literary relationship. QMt and QLk are much more likely
than simple Q.
THE BODY AND THE EAGLES
(Mt xxiv, 28; Lk xvii, 37)
In Matthew, but not in Luke, these words form the conclusion to the words
just considered. The substitution of σῶμα for πτῶμα sounds like an oral
variation; but it may be Luke's way of avoiding a word which he nowhere
uses. The wording is otherwise so close as to warrant assignment to simple
Q.
THE DAYS OF NOAH
(Mt xxiv, 37-39; Lk xvii, 26-27)
Luke, or his recension of Q, says here, as elsewhere, "the days of the Son
of man," where Matthew says "the parousia of the Son of man." The reason
for this deviation is not obvious, unless the variation was in the source.
We therefore assign the passage to the two recensions.
THE ONE TAKEN, THE OTHER LEFT
(Mt xxiv, 40-41; Lk xvii, 34-35)
In Matthew, but not in Luke, these words are immediately connected with
those just discussed. Luke, or his source, wishes to indicate that the
parousia may be in the night, and so adds the words νυκτὶ and κλίνης. But
the arrangement of the verses is in the same order in both Gospels, and
there is strong similarity, especially in vss. 41 and 35. We consider
assignment to QMt and QLk to account most nearly for all the facts.
THE WATCHING SERVANT
(Mt xxiv, 43-44; Lk xii, 39-40)
The verbal coincidence here is great. The last fourteen words are exactly
alike in both Gospels, even to their order. It should be assigned to
simple Q.
THE TRUE AND FALSE SERVANT
(Mt xxiv, 45-51; Lk xii, 42-46)
The connection of these sections with the one just considered is the same
in both Gospels. The verbal agreement is equally striking. Out of one
hundred and ten words in Matthew and one hundred and two in Luke,
eighty-two are identical; twenty-six of these occur consecutively and with
no deviation in order. The section may be assigned to Q.
RESULTS OF THE PRECEDING INVESTIGATION
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