=Gunner.=--A private in the Royal Artillery. The duties of the gunner are manifold--he has to be instructed in drill and in the services of the various natures of ordnance, heavy and light, to be acquainted with ammunition, mode of using it, and caution required in dealing with it. In other days few gunners were attached to either train or battery, only one per gun, assisted by a matross. The duties of a matross were only in some ways similar to those of the present gunner. The men belonged to a class termed artificers, and were engaged more for the usefulness of their trade than for the knowledge of artillery. With the increase of guns came the increase of gunners, and the mere artificer was superseded, and the gunner became the handy, well-instructed, yet dashing man he has proved himself to be. =Harrismith.=--Situated near the Natal border in the Orange Free State, an important trading centre and a highly approved health resort. Population--mostly British--1700. =Heidelburg.=--Town on the rail 50 miles south of Pretoria. Population about 2500. =Heliograph.=--An apparatus invented by Mr. H. C. Mance, for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays reflected from mirrors. The mirror, generally of steel, mounted on a stand, is movable, so that its reflections flash in given figures across the sky. The process has been adapted to the Morse system of dots and dashes, and messages have been successfully carried over a distance of 150 miles. The signal can be read in ordinary weather without telescopes up to 50 miles. =Helmet.=--A head-dress of light cork or wicker generally covered with kharki, to protect the troops from the sun. It is the universal head-dress for officers and men in India. =Honourable Artillery Company.=--A volunteer force--the oldest military body in England. =Horse Artillery.=--Mounted branch of the British Service. On account of its mobility, it acts with cavalry. Field Artillery is also a mounted branch. =Hospital= (Military).--They are of three kinds, general, field, and convalescent. Cases of infectious nature are sent to a general hospital specially appointed for their reception. Field hospitals are temporary establishments for the care of sick and wounded in the vicinity of the field of battle. Serious cases, when practicable, are sent off to the nearest general hospital in the rear. Convalescent hospitals describe themselves. =Hospital Ships.=--They serve either as stationary hospitals, or, if sick accumulate, can sail home or to the nearest station, discharge, and return to fill again. One of these, the _Maine_, was organised by Lady Randolph Churchill, and proved invaluable. =Howitzer.=--Short siege gun throwing lyddite shells at a high angle, so that they can descend upon a fortress or besieged town. They have a range of over 8000 yards. There are also field howitzers.