In all, South Africa possesses approximately 5000 miles of railway, having a capitalised value, including rolling stock, of about £50,000,000, or £10,000 per mile. The three important systems are the Cape Government Railways, the Natal Government Railways, and the Central South African Railways (Transvaal and Orange River Colony). The Cape system has a mileage of 2135 miles, and in addition it works 587 miles of the Rhodesian Railways, or a total of 2722 miles. The Natal system covers 612-1/2 miles, and the Central South African system 1312 miles. In addition to these there is the Beira Railway, already briefly described, and there are also several small privately-owned railways. The three chief systems own altogether 1239 engines and 27,806 waggons, and a large but still insufficient equipment of coaches for passenger traffic. Great attention has been given and much money expended in the past two years in bringing the rolling stock up to a state of efficiency for dealing with the greatly-increased traffic anticipated on the establishment of peace in South Africa. The Central South African Railways--the State Railways now owning and working the old Free State and Netherlands systems--have almost doubled the carrying capacity of these railways. Natal had 129 engines before the war; she has now 209. She had 3101 waggons before the war; she has now 6154. The Cape railways have also largely increased their stock. The enormous traffic now being handled, more or less successfully, will justify this provident policy. All these systems make large annual profits. In its best year, 1896, the Cape Government system showed-- Total Earnings. Total Expenses. Profits. £4,078,561. £9,921,809. £2,156,752. Or £10, 7s. 6d. per cent. on the then capital of £20,799,288. This included the Free State share of profit under the then working arrangement. Deducting the Free State share, the profit was at the rate of £8, 19s. 7d. per cent. In the same year the Natal Railway showed-- Total Earnings. Total Expenses. Profits. £1,136,213, 16s. 1d. £421,989, 14s. 2d. £706,224, 1s. 11d. Or £11, 9s. 0-1/2d. per cent. on the then capital of £6,236,555. In the same profitable year the Netherlands Railway returns showed-- Total Expenses, Total Earnings. Plus Interest on Capital. Total Nett Profits. £2,903,516, 0s. 5d. £1,197,841, 18s. 8d. £1,705,674, 1s. 9d. The profits of this railway in this year equalled 59 per cent. of the total earnings. In 1901, notwithstanding the state of war, the Cape Government Railways showed-- Total Earnings. Total Expenses. Profits. £3,852,871. £2,875,571. £977,300. Equal to £4, 8s. 4d. per cent. on the then capital of £22,125,085. In the same year the Natal Railways showed-- Earnings. Total Expenses. Profits. £1,650,355, 5s. 4d. £1,159,026, 7s. 9d. £491,328, 17s. 7d.