South Africa -- Description and travel; South Africa -- History -- 1836-1909; South Africa -- History -- To 1836
The Colony is governed by a Lieutenant-Governor,--who however is not in
truth Lieutenant to any one but simply bears that sobriquet, and an
Executive Council consisting I think of an uncertain number. There is a
Colonial Secretary, a Secretary for Native Affairs, a Treasurer, and an
Attorney-General. The Commandant of the Forces is I think also called to
the Council, and the Superintendent of Public Works. The Governor is
impowered also to invite two members of the Legislative Council. They
meet as often as is found necessary and in fact govern the Colony. Laws
are of course passed by the Legislative Council of twenty-eight members,
of which, as I have stated before, fifteen are elected and thirteen
nominated. New laws are I think always initiated by the Government, and
the action of the Council, if hostile to the Government, is confined to
repudiating propositions made by the Government. But the essential
difference between such a government as that of Natal, and parliamentary
government such as prevails in Canada, the Australias, New Zealand and
in the Cape Colony, consists in this--that the Prime Minister in these
self-governing Colonies is the responsible head of affairs and goes in
and out in accordance with a parliamentary majority, as do our Ministers
at home; whereas in Natal the Ministers remain in,--or go out if they do
go out,--at the dictation of the Crown. Though the fifteen elective
members in Natal were to remain hostile to the Government on every point
year after year, there would be no constitutional necessity to change a
single Minister of the Colony. The Crown,--or Governor,--would still
govern in accordance with its or his prevailing ideas. There might be a
deadlock about money. There might be much that would be disagreeable.
But the Governor would be responsible for the government, and no one
would necessarily come in or go out. Such a state of things, however, is
very improbable in a Colony in which the Crown nominates so great a
minority as thirteen members out of a Chamber of twenty-eight. It is not
probable that the fifteen elected members will combine themselves
together to create a difficulty.
In 1876 the Revenue of the Colony was £265,551. In 1846 it was only
£3,095. In 1876 the expenditure was £261,933. What was the expenditure
in 1846 I do not know, but certainly more than the Revenue,--as has
often been the case since. The Colony owes an old funded debt of
£331,700, and it has now borrowed or is in the act of borrowing
£1,200,000 for its railways. The borrowed money will no doubt all be
expended on public works. When a country has but one harbour, and that
harbour has such a sandbank as the bar at Durban, it has to spend a
considerable sum of money before it can open the way for its commerce.
Upon the whole it may be said that the financial affairs of the Colony
are now in a good condition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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