Paradoxical as it may seem, yet Spain’s losses by war may eventually become her gain; for her colonies had long been clogs upon her progress, and had devoured her substance greedily. No longer compelled to maintain a large standing army, or to send abroad the flower of her young manhood, Spain can devote to agriculture and manufactures, to art and literature, the forces that were worse than wasted in camp and on the battlefield. She has no worse enemies than those of her own household; but still on her borders rises the fateful apparition of Don Carlos the pretender. In time, perhaps, if the lessons of the war are heeded, the Spaniard may be able to perceive the absurdity of that boastful Spanish proverb, “Whoever says Spain, says everything!” [Illustration] INDEX. A Abbas, uncle of Mohammed, 46. Abbasides, sect of the, 45. Abdalasis, 43. Abdelmummen, 67. Abderrahman, Prince, 46, 47. Abderrahman III, 49. Abencerrages, the, 45. Abu Bekr, 45. Acapulco galleon, the, 173. Aguilar, Alonzo de, 101. Aix–la–Chapelle, Treaty of, 161, 171. Alarcos, battle of, 67. Alaric, 25, 26. Alaric II, King, 28. Albaicin, the, 93. Alcala, university of, 131. Alcantara, order of, 87. Alcázar of Seville, 95. Alfonso I and II, 57. Alfonso the Victorious, 58. Alfonso VI, 64, 66. Alfonso VIII, 67, 73. Alfonso IX, 74. Alfonso X, 75. Alfonso XI, 76. Alfonso XII, 76, 207, 209. Alfonso XIII, 76, 210, 212. Algeciras, battle of, 77. Alhama, fortress of, 98. Alhamar, Ibn, King of Granada, 93, 94. Alhambra, the, 94. Ali Atar, Moorish warrior, 101. Almansor, the Great, 52, 63. Almeria, fall of, 104. Almirante Oquendo, Spanish war ship, 252. Almohades, sect of the, 66. Almoravides, sect of the, 67. Alva, Duke of, 146, 147. Amadeo, Don, 205. America, discovery of, 116. Americus Vespucci, 125. Americapan, aboriginal American word, 125. Andalusia, province of, 28, 106. Anne of Austria, 144. Aranda, Count, 174. Armada, the Great, 153. Arians, the Gothic, 30. Art and literature, 163. Aryan Kelts, the, 4. Asiatic squadron, the U. S., 241. Asiento, the, 171. Asturias, Prince of the, 182. Asturias, Princess of the, 209. Atawulf, 26. Attila the Hun, 28. Augsburg, Peace of, 139. Austria, Don Juan of, 148. Auto da fé, the, 90, 146. Ayeshah, wife of Mohammed, 46. B Babieca, the Cid’s war–horse, 67. Bagley, Ensign, U.S. Army, 245. Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, 127. Barbara of Portugal, 72. Barbarossa, pirate king, 138. Basel, Treaty of, 178. Baza, fall of, 104. Berbers, the African, 62. Bernardo del Carpio, 58. Blanco, Captain–General, 262, 272. Blockade, the Cuban, 239. Bloody Mary, 143. Blue, Lieutenant Victor, 246. Boabdil, King of Granada, 100, 102, 110, 112. Bobadilla, 124. Bonaparte, Joseph, 184, 187, 189. Bourbon, Constable of, 137.