The same decree in accordance with which the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal affected in like manner their brethren in _Brazil_. The order for their expulsion is said to have been carried out with much brutality. One hundred and fifteen Jesuits were deported in one vessel from _S. Luiz_, being confined like slaves between decks; four of them died on the voyage to Lisbon. The brethren from _Ceará_ and _Paraïba_ were conveyed to _Recife_, and were embarked with the Pernambucan Jesuits, fifty-three in number. Of these, five died during the passage. It should be stated, however, that while for the most part all those employed in the service of the Government made themselves too willing instruments to carry out the wishes of the all-powerful minister, and to strike the fallen when they were powerless to resist, yet there were some honourable exceptions to this rule. For instance, the Archbishop of _Bahia_, D. Jose de Mattos, in reporting his visitation of the Jesuits, sent home an attestation that he had found them blameless on the point of which they were accused, of carrying on an extensive commerce contrary to the canons, and in all other points highly useful and meritorious. This attestation was subscribed by eighty of the most respectable persons in _Bahia_. The aged archbishop had to pay the penalty of being fearless and upright. Five years before this time he had requested permission to resign the primacy, begging that half of his appointments might be continued to him. This request had not been acceded to; but, on the receipt of his report, he was relieved of the primacy, without any pension being granted to him. One hundred and sixty-eight Jesuits were deported from _Bahia_; whilst one hundred and forty-five from the southern provinces of _Brazil_ were embarked at _Rio de Janeiro_, stowed in one vessel, below decks. The unfortunate Jesuits of the north on reaching Lisbon were cast into prison for no other crime than that of belonging to their Order; and it was not until after the lapse of eighteen years that the King’s death and the disgrace of Pombal restored to them their liberty. Those from the south were not permitted to set foot in Portugal, but were conveyed to the Papal States. Amongst the measures inaugurated by the Marquis of Pombal was the establishment of an exclusive company for the trade of _Maranham_ and _Pará_, and of another for that of _Pernambuco_ and _Paraïba_. The _Brazil_ company, which had been promoted by Vieyra, and which had rendered such essential service in the Dutch war, had been abolished after an existence of seventy years. The establishment of a new company was now protested against by the Board of Public Good; but in forwarding this protest to the King, that body unsuspectingly signed its own death-warrant, for it was immediately thereafter abolished, and its members were banished for different terms of years.