Special Report on Diseases of the HorseUnited States. Bureau of Animal Industry
Science
Special Report on Diseases of the Horse
United States. Bureau of Animal Industry
Horses -- Diseases
_Treatment._--Bags filled with ice should be applied along the spine, to
be followed later by strong blisters. The fever should be controlled as
early as possible by giving 20 drops of Norwood's tincture of veratrum
viride every hour until the desired result is obtained. One dram of the
fluid extract of belladonna, to control pain and vascular excitement of
the spinal cord, may be given every five or six hours until the pupils
of the eyes become pretty well dilated. If the pain is very intense 5
grains of sulphate of morphia should be injected hypodermically. The
animal must be kept as free from excitement as possible. If the urine is
retained in the bladder it must be drawn off every four or six hours. In
very acute attacks the disease generally proves fatal in a few days. If,
however, the animal grows better, some form of paralysis is liable to
remain for a long time, and the treatment will have to be directed then
toward a removal of the exudative products and a strengthening of the
system and stimulation of the nervous functions. To induce absorption,
iodid of potassium in 2-dram doses, dissolved in the drinking water, may
be given twice a day. To strengthen the system, iodid of iron 1 dram
twice a day and 1 dram of nux vomica once a day may be given in the
feed. Electricity to the paralyzed and weakened muscles is advisable;
the current should be weak, but be continued for half an hour two or
three times daily. If the disease is due to a broken back, caries of the
vertebrae, or some other irremediable cause, the animal should be
destroyed at once.
MYELITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE SPINAL CORD.
This is a rare disease, except as a secondary result of spinal
meningitis or injuries to the spine. Poisoning by lead, arsenic,
mercury, phosphorus, carbonic-acid gas, etc., has been known to produce
it. Myelitis may be confined to a small spot in the cord or may involve
the whole for a variable distance. It may lead to softening abscess or
degeneration.
_Symptoms._--The attack may begin with a chill or convulsion; the
muscles twitch or become cramped very early in the disease, and the
bladder usually is affected at the outset, in which there may be either
retention or incontinence of urine. These conditions are followed by
complete or partial paralysis of the muscles posterior to the locality
of the inflamed cord, and the muscles begin to waste away rapidly. The
paralyzed limb becomes cold and dry, due to the suspension of proper
circulation; the joints may swell and become edematous; vesicular
eruptions appear on the skin; and frequently gangrenous sloughs form on
the paralyzed parts. It is exceedingly seldom that recovery takes place.
In a few instances it may assume a chronic type, when all the symptoms
become mitigated, and thus continue for some time, until septicemia,
pyemia, or exhaustion causes death.
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