Special talents and defects : $b Their significance for educationHollingworth, Leta Stetter
Science
Special talents and defects : $b Their significance for education
Hollingworth, Leta Stetter
Educational psychology; Educational tests and measurements; Exceptional children
In general it is true that the provisions in the United States are for
deviates so extreme in all capacities that their maladjustment to
typical procedure creates a troublesome school problem on the one hand,
and on the other a burden to the conscience of those who administer
education. Classroom teachers demand that special attention be given to
those who are chronically unpromotable and out of order, while
educational psychologists insist upon the waste of ability that ensues
from allowing gifted children to idle through the curriculum. For
deviates of less degree there is not much provision. A few cities, of
which Oakland, California, may be mentioned as an outstanding example,
have adopted a three-rates-of-progress system, in which the children of
typical ability (the great majority) proceed at a median rate, the
lowest quartile (exclusive of the very lowest percentile) proceeding
more slowly, and the highest quartile more rapidly. The system provides
a flexibility far in advance of the ordinary one-rate-of-progress
system, allowing for individual differences in general intelligence.
Little attention has been given as yet to the matter of individualizing
public education for children who show special talents or defects. Some
years ago the superintendent of schools in Munich requested the teachers
of certain grades throughout the city, to ask each child to draw two
sketches: one from a model, and the other a free sketch. These were
sorted for the purpose of finding exceptional talent in drawing. A
certain per cent of the children showing this special gift were sought
out and encouraged. Particular attention was given to the development of
their talents.
Similar instances of official attempts to gauge and foster special
talents are extremely rare. The experiment at Winnetka, Illinois, is of
this order. In Winnetka there is a flexible promotion system, wherein
pupils “pass” in a subject whenever they have completed the work
therein. A pupil may be in different grades in different subjects. His
whole school career need not be jeopardized by a single weakness, and if
he has a special strength he is permitted to develop it as original
nature would dictate.
At first thought it might seem that a public school system would be
thrown into confusion by such a scheme. In Winnetka there are thirty to
thirty-five pupils in a classroom. How can programs be arranged to suit
the needs of deviating children, without much extra equipment?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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