Special talents and defects : $b Their significance for educationHollingworth, Leta Stetter
Science
Special talents and defects : $b Their significance for education
Hollingworth, Leta Stetter
Educational psychology; Educational tests and measurements; Exceptional children
It is of interest to note that a scale like Stanford-Binet, against
which has been repeatedly brought the _a priori_ objection that it
depends on verbal acquirement, is capable of differentiating a
non-reader from the feeble-minded. It is also interesting that the
Pintner “Scale of Performance Tests,” which does not include ability to
read at all, gives almost exactly the same result as the Stanford-Binet,
in this case.
[Illustration:
FIG. 9.—Showing an account written by X of his week’s reading.
]
X is a boy of superior character. He never missed an appointment with
his instructor, and was never tardy except once, unavoidably. He gave up
pleasures, such as trying out for baseball, in order to learn reading.
When asked why he did so, he replied that “You most probably can’t get a
living playing baseball, but you can get a better living if you can
read.” These qualities of perseverance and fidelity to duty were
undoubtedly very important factors in such success as was achieved.
Why did X not learn to read as children of his general character and
endowment usually do, in the ordinary course of schooling? After four
years of studying and teaching him, the present writer cannot give a
definite answer to this question. He was finally taught to read by a
method in which the letter is the unit of perception, and in which words
are read in the first place by spelling them aloud. This is not the
method used in the schools where X attended, nor in any modern school.
Still, the possibility of teaching him by some method other than that
which succeeded, has not been excluded. It is even possible that he
might have learned to read by the very method used in the schools, under
individual instruction, where each habit can be scrutinized as it is
being formed. In a class of forty or fifty children, each demanding
attention, a teacher cannot succeed with an individual pupil, by any
method, as well as with that pupil alone, by that same method.
It was observed throughout the teaching of X that he constantly made
appeal to his ear. He could always grasp a difficult word more easily by
hearing it spelled aloud, than he could by seeing it. In order to obtain
some quantitative statement of the extent to which auditory perception
showed an advantage over visual perception in his case, the following
experiment was tried.
In the spring of 1922, on four successive weekly appointments, 27
paragraphs, comprising 4131 words, were read by X, both (1) _through the
ear_, the teacher spelling the words, and X pronouncing them without
seeing them, and (2) _through the eye_, X seeing and saying the words,
in the usual way. The order of these procedures was reversed for
alternating paragraphs, so that no advantage to either method of
perception would accrue from practice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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