The plants are kept in the shaded beds for nine months or one year, when they will be about one foot high. After this they are gradually left to the exposure of the sun by removing the framework for one or two months, when they are transplanted. Great care is taken in moving the plants. The transplanting takes place in the rainy season. The soil is first cut around the plant by a knife or triangular-shaped spade called “moaa,” “jembe,” or hoe, and the plant is lifted with as much soil adhering to it as possible and is placed across two banana strips of fiber, which are three to four inches wide and one to two feet long. The four ends of these strips are wrapped around the plants and firmly tied together, and in that way the plants are carried to the place for planting. Before planting, the pieces of fiber are cut beneath at each corner and the plant is placed in holes dug for them, which are about thirty feet apart; the earth is heaped around them and the balance of the fiber at the top is removed. The plant is watered every day if it is very dry weather, and at intervals for a year, or until it is about eighteen inches high. A great many plants usually die out and continually replanting is necessary. For this reason, a nursery is kept for about five years. After the clove garden is planted there is no need of shading, but as the trees have only a slight hold in the ground, they are easily destroyed. They should be planted in sheltered situations. For example, a hurricane which visited Zanzibar in 1872 destroyed nine-tenths of the clove groves, but the adjoining island of Pemba did not suffer nearly so much, especially on the west side of the island, which was fairly well protected. For this reason the clove trees are protected by belted double rows of casuarina and cerbera trees. Cocoanut trees are also planted at irregular places among the clove trees. The slaves, who have their own small orchards, often plant cassava, cocoanut, and mangoes with the clove not only for shelter but to secure extra crops from the other trees. In Amboina the young trees are planted in old clove orchards for shelter, and when the young trees grow up the old trees are cut down. A clayey substratum, dark yellow or volcanic earth, intermingled with gravel and dark loam, with a small amount of sand to reduce its tenacity, is the best soil. Marshy soil is fatal. Plants obtained from a garden of self-sown seeds are the best, but sometimes young branches are laid down and kept moist, when they will take root in about six months. Clove trees after being well rooted require but little care, and as the clove tree attracts much moisture, little other herbage will grow beneath it, but they must be kept well weeded or the trees will run into wild cloves. New leaves form in the wet season in May, the old leaves dropping off as new ones come, and soon after the leaves are out the germ of fruit is discovered and the tree begins to bear.