[Illustration: SUPERIOR STAGE _Average type_] Even the preparatory work is now of a higher kind: as soon as the child comes into school, he will choose, for instance, the letters of the alphabet, or will write, then (his strenuous work) he will read. For recreation he will choose an intelligent pastime, such as looking at illustrated books. All his intellectual occupations are of a higher order, as are also his moral attributes (obedience, serenity, perseverance). Taking the line of quiescence as a level of development, it follows that the level has become higher. [Illustration: _Line of work_] In a superior stage, the line of work tends to become straight, parallel to the line of quiescence. Meanwhile it has been established that it is possible to determine _degrees of development_, or _averages_ of internal development, by means of which individual variations may be studied. In the primordial type the characteristics are _disorderly conduct_, and _incapacity to concentrate attention_; in such a case there is no real line of work, and the main part of the diagram remains below the line of quiescence. For the type in which the phenomenon of permanent concentration of attention on a task has manifested itself, the average characteristic diagram of normal orderly work of the first degree is now established: _i. e. preliminary_ work followed by a period of restlessness, and then _strenuous work_ followed by a state of repose. Afterwards we distinguish a second degree, where the average is characterized by the disappearance of the period of unrest, and the strenuous work is brought to a close in contemplation; this is the stage of discoveries, of generalized observation, of obedience; work has become a habit. This is followed by a general elevation, to be recognized by the choice of higher preliminary work; disciplined behavior has become a habit. During this progression the diagram of work tends to become straight, and parallel to the line of quiescence. [Illustrations: A RECAPITULATORY TABLE OF DEVELOPMENT _Diagrams of average developments_] The rise in the level of the plane is related to the qualities of more advanced intellectual work; and the straightening of the line is related to qualities of internal _construction_ and of the _organization of the personality_; qualities which would be considered of a _moral order_, such as serenity, discipline, self-mastery as manifested in obedience and in the various activities of the child. When work has become a habit, the intellectual level rises rapidly, and organized order causes good conduct to become a _habit_. Children then work with order, perseverance, and discipline, persistently and naturally; the permanent, calm, and vivifying work of the physical organism resembles the respiratory rhythm.