Twenty to 60 drops of laudanum may be added to a couple of tablespoonfuls of tepid boiled starch, then injected into the lower end of the bowel by means of a vulcanite, glass, or ball syringe. Particular attention must, of course, be paid to the animal's diet. Nothing but farinaceous foods should be allowed unless it be Brand's Essence, or some stimulating liquid, such as bovril or Oxo, to which isinglass has been added. If pain severe, apply hot poultices to the belly. HÆMORRHAGE Loss of blood may arise either from within or without the body, be of varying amount, and either arterial, venous, or capillary. Excessive hæmorrhage is of course always injurious, but its gravity is greater when issuing from some vital part, such as the lungs, stomach, kidneys, cranium, etc. In lung hæmorrhage the blood is coughed up, and of a bright-red colour--fresh blood. When coming from the stomach it is generally intermingled with the vomited material. If issuing from the urinary apparatus, it is either mingled with the urine, so as to stain this fluid, or passed as blood at the end of the act of urination. In the latter case, it will most probably be coming from the bladder, or the kidneys. Hæmorrhage from the bowels is passed along with the stools, or immediately following the act of defecation, as frequently happens in piles. Rupture of the heart, or the larger vessels gives rise to a rapid and fatal hæmorrhage. The treatment, with a view to arrest the bleeding, will of course depend upon the conditions through which it has been brought about. If from without, _e.g._, a wound, the bleeding vessel ought to be ligatured, or else have a compress fastened on so as to exercise sufficient pressure upon and above the injured vessel. When bleeding is due to small blood-vessels having been torn, tincture of steel, Friar's Balsam, etc., will sometimes be sufficient to arrest it. Cold water, or an ice compress is equally useful. When blood comes from the lungs, _e.g._, a gunshot wound in this region, there is generally a certain amount of bronchial irritation, so that the dog must be kept warm. Have ice compresses applied to the chest, and 15 grains of gallic acid given three times a day. If this fails, Adrenalin Tablets can be tried. HÆMORRHOIDS (PILES) The dog, like other animals, is liable to suffer from piles, causing it considerable discomfiture. The disease may be external, or internal. External piles consist of enlarged veins, the result of a sluggish circulation, and are more frequently seen in ladies' lap-dogs, or those leading an indolent and useless existence. Internal piles generally cause bleeding and pain during defecation, and are often seen protruding during the latter act. Exercise, a liver laxative, such as 1 to 4 of Carter's Little Liver Pills now and then, with the application of a little gallic acid ointment, constitutes the safest treatment that the amateur can adopt. DYSPEPSIA (INDIGESTION)