Chrysostom takes the second name to be a woman's--Junia; and expresses his astonishment at finding a woman thought worthy of the title of an apostle. 4. 'Them that are of the household of Aristobulus.' This Aristobulus was very probably the {197} grandson of Herod the Great, who lived and died at Rome in a private station, and whose 'household' would naturally include many Jews and orientals. The following name of a Jew suggests connexion with the Herods. 5. 'Rufus' may very likely be the son of Simon of Cyrene, whom St. Mark, writing probably at Rome, refers to as well known[11]. 6. 'A holy kiss.' 'It was from this and similar words,' says Origen, 'that it has been handed down as a custom in the Church that after the prayer the brethren should welcome one another with a kiss.' He goes on to urge that this ritual kiss should be neither unchaste nor without real feeling. 7. 'All the churches of Christ salute you.' This unique phrase is probably used, as Dr. Hort suggests, to express how 'the church of Rome was an object of love and respect to Jewish and Gentile churches alike.' [1] Or _Junia_ (a woman's name), as margin. [2] See the readings of Rom. xvi. 3; 1 Cor. xvi. 19; 2 Tim. iv. 19 (in R. V. which is probably right); and of Acts xviii. 2, 18, 26. [3] 1 Cor. xvi. 19. [4] 2 Tim. iv. 19. [5] Twice out of three mentions in each case. [6] Perhaps both freedmen of the same member of the Acilian gens. For Priscus or Prisca (or Priscilla) was a favourite cognomen in the gens, and the nomen itself was commonly written Aquilius. This nomen a male slave, when freed, would have borne (besides his own name and his master's praenomen); and a female could have borne the cognomen Prisca or Priscilla. '[Greek] _Akúlios_ could be corrupted into {Greek] _Akúlas_, the Greek form of a different name Aquila. [7] Cf. Acts xii. 12; Col. iv. 15; Philem. 2. See _S. and H. in loc._ [8] Cf. 1 Cor. xvi. 15. [9] The term 'apostle' is also used in 2 Cor. viii. 23, Phil. ii. 25, apparently in the sense of messenger. [10] Others, including Liddon, would translate 'highly esteemed among, i.e. _by_, the apostles' but this is not probable. [11] Mark xv. 21. {198} DIVISION VI. § 4. CHAPTER XVI. 17-20. _Final warning._ Something occurred before the letter to the Romans was concluded and dispatched to make St. Paul insert a final warning against false teachers, who were causing divisions and perverting the gospel as all Christians had at first received it, in the interests of their personal aggrandizement. St. Paul makes a brief but vigorous appeal to the Romans to be true to their first obedience, and maintain their reputation unsullied.