[58] Adv. haereaes, Lib. 1, c. 3. [59] Even the Puritan Cartwright observed, "if it be necessary to the unity of the Church that an archbishop should preside over other bishops, why not on the same principle should one archbishop preside over the whole Church of God?" Defence of Whitgift. [60] Sacred observations, Lib. 5, c. 7, on the hypothetical external communion of Christians. [61] See also the testimony of Mosheim, quoted above p. 197, note. [62] Thus the universal belief of the Fathers from the beginning is charged with _audacity_. It is difficult not to be struck with the utter antagonism of feeling which separates Protestants from the whole body of the Fathers. The statements here ascribed, and truly, by Vitringa to them, would be viewed in modern English society, as the very insanity of bigotry. [63] Because to rend Christ's mystical body, and to subvert that unity for which He had prayed the Father, was regarded by them as a crime of the deepest dye. In modern England it would be consecrated by the glorious principle of "civil and religious liberty." [64] The unrestricted expression, "to preside over the Church," used by Cyprian of Novatian, who claimed to be Peter's successor, contains a clear indication that the fold entrusted to Peter was as wide as the Church itself. It is the same Church in the two clauses, but in the former it _must_ be understood universally. [65] Ep. 69. [66] Ephes. v. 23-25. [67] Ephes. iv. 15-17. [68] John xiv. 16-26; xv. 26; xvi. 7. [69] 2 Cor. iv. 17. [70] Matt. v. 14. [71] Compare Luke xii. 8, 9, with Matt. x. 32; Mark viii. 38; Rom. x. 10; and again, Mark xvi. 15, with Matt. xxviii. 19; Acts ii. 41; viii. 36; xix. 5; 1 Cor. xii. 13; and Matt. xxvi. 28, with Luke xxii. 19; 1 Cor. x. 17; xi. 21; and Ephes. iv. 11, with Acts xx. 28; Tit. i. 5. [72] Compare Ephes. iv. 11-16, with 1 Cor. xii. 13-31; and Matt. xviii. 18, with John xx. 21; Acts xv. 41; xvi. 4; 2 Cor. x. 6; 1 Tim. v. 20; Tit. i. 13; ii. 15. [73] Jude 18; 2 Pet. iii. 2, 3. [74] Augustin. in Euchirid. c. 63. [75] Aug. In Tract de Symb. c. 11. [76] Aug. De Baptismo Cont. Donat. Lib. 3, c. 16. [77] Aug. Cont. Litt. Petiliani, Lib. 1, c. 21-2, Lib. 2, c. 13-23. Lib. 3, c. 52. [78] Optat. Lib. 1. [79] Ambros. de Obitu Satyri fratris, Lib. 1, n. 47. [80] Idem. de Poenit. Lib. 2, 4. [81] Lactant. Div. Institut. Lib. 3, c. 30. [82] Le vrai Systeme de l'Eglise. [83] Answer to Cardinal Perron. [84] Defense de la Reforme, p. 200. [85] Traite de l'Eglise, p. 286. [86] Bossuet, writings against Jurien. [87] The brothers Walemburg, Treatise on Necessary and Fundamental Articles. [88] Nicole, de l'Unite de l'Eglise. [89] See the recognition of this law, Mark xvi. 16; Matt xxviii. 18-20; Luke xii. 8, 9; Rom. x. 10.