Stained glass of the middle ages in England and FranceArnold, Hugh
History
Stained glass of the middle ages in England and France
Arnold, Hugh
Art, Medieval; Glass painting and staining -- England; Glass painting and staining -- France
The best work of the Second Period that I know of anywhere is to be
found in York Minster. Here the new style seems to have become
engrafted on a strong local school which had preserved much of the
life and vigour of the previous age. It is true that even here one
finds a certain weakening of the religious motive, but its place seems
to be to some extent taken by a patriotic enthusiasm for a warrior
king and for the gallant nobles who followed him in the Scotch wars,
and whose arms are everywhere in the glass of the nave.
[Sidenote: Chronological order of the windows.]
The windows themselves show a steady and almost unbroken progression
in style from the late thirteenth to the early part of the fifteenth
century, which makes them most useful for study. Leaving out the
fragments of very early glass I have mentioned before, the order of
their execution seems to be--
1. The "Five Sisters."
2. Chapter-House.
3. The vestibule of the Chapter-House.
4. The clerestory of the nave.
5. The first five[1] in the north aisle of the nave (dated by
Winston 1306).
6. The first five[13] in the south aisle of the nave.
7. The sixth in the north aisle of the nave.
{The three west windows of the nave (contract 1338).
8. {The sixth in the south aisle of the nave.
{One (probably from the nave) in the south aisle of the choir.
9. The third from the east in the south side of the Lady Chapel.
10. The fifteenth century windows in the choir and Lady Chapel,
which we shall come to later.
Whatever difference of opinion there may be about the date of these
windows, I do not think this order can be disputed.
[Illustration: PLATE XXX
ANGELS IN CANOPY WORK OF PLATE XXV]
[Sidenote: The Chapter-House.]
The "Five Sisters" have already been dealt with in their place in the
First Period. Those of the Chapter-House, whether of earlier or later
date than those of the Merton College Chapel, are distinctly earlier
in style and are one of the few examples of work that is really
transitional between the First and Second Periods, belonging
almost as much to one as to the other. Unfortunately there is no
record of the building of the Chapter-House, and its date is a matter
of dispute, Drake putting it as early as the time of Archbishop Walter
Grey, who died in 1256, and Browne holding it was not finished till
nearly 1340--an impossible date for the glass. As in Merton Chapel the
presence of the fleur-de-lis as well as the castle of Castile in the
windows may mean that they are not earlier than 1299, but I do not
think they are much later. The only French work I know of which at all
corresponds to it is in St. Urbain at Troyes, which Viollet-le-Duc
dates at about 1295, and the windows from Poitiers in Plate XV.
[Sidenote: The grisaille in the Chapter-House.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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