On the other hand, the following is the statement of Mr. Gibsone: (pp. 460, 461, 463, 464.) In general it is the duty of the police authority in every community, where any person in distress may come, to render him the needful assistance for the moment, which must be repaid, _a_) by the provincial pauper fund, if the person be a foreigner, or have no domicile; or, _b_) by the community, or owner of the estate (called the dominium), he belongs to, if a native of the country. _Destitute Able-bodied._ Every pretended needy person is duly examined by a medical man, whether he be bodily and mentally able to maintain himself (it is the same with families) by work, and in this case he is required by the police to do so, and to conduct himself properly. Any one who does not, is sent to the poor-and-workhouse (the work is compulsive) of the province, where he is taught to earn a livelihood. If the distress be temporary, the proprietor of the estate (called the dominium), or the community in which the indigent person has acquired a settlement, is bound to afford the requisite relief; yet having the right to claim restitution, upon the assisted person becoming able to make it. When this is not the case, and the relief has been afforded by a community, the members of it must bear the expense, if in a town, out of its general funds; if in the country, in the proportions they pay the land-tax to the king, called war-contribution. The support is rendered in giving a dwelling, (with a garden, if in the country), fuel, salt, money, &c., wholly or partly, sometimes by boarding the pauper, according to the necessity of the case. There is in every province a poor-and-workhouse (the work compulsive), for receiving the following persons: _a_) such as have indeed a fixed place of abode in the country, yet seek their livelihood by begging, although able to work; _b_) actual paupers, who receive a fixed maintenance or aid from communities, benevolent institutions, &c., yet, notwithstanding, wander about the country begging; _c_) invalid soldiers, found begging, as every soldier who has been rendered invalid in war enjoys a pension from the state (a very small one); _d_) travelling handicraftsmen, as none are permitted to travel in their profession who have not the means of subsistence, or are above 30 years old; _e_) foreign vagabonds, until they can be transported over the borders; _f_) those who have been punished for crime, in the fortress or house of correction, and after expiration of their term of punishment, are unable to show how they can earn an honest livelihood; _g_) such as by particular sentences are, or by future laws may be, declared subjects for the compulsive workhouse.