[14] _Op. cit._ ii. ch. 11. [15] _Essais de Théodicée,_ part. ii. § 148. [16] Francisci Sanctii, _Minerva seu de causis linguæ latinæ commentarius,_ 1587 (ed. with add. by Gaspare Scioppio, Padua, 1663); cf. bk. i. chs. 2, 9, and bk. iv. [17] Gasperis Sciopii, _Grammatica philosophica,_ Milan, 1628 (Venice, 1728). [18] _De dignitate,_ etc., bk. vi. ch. i. [19] Locke, _Essay,_ etc., bk. lii.; Leibniz, _Nouveaux Essais,_ bk. iii. [20] _Psychol. empirica_ (Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1738), §§ 138-172. [21] Joh. Chr. Gottsched, _Versuch einer critischen Dichtkunst,_ Leipzig, 1729. [22] _Dilucidationes philosophicæ de Deo, anima humana et mundo,_ 1725 (Tübingen, 1768), § 268. [23] Preface to _Rifless. sul gusto, ed. cit._ p. 75. [24] Borinski, _Poetik d. Renaiss._ p. 380 note. [25] Halæ Magdeburgicæ, 1735 (reprinted, ed. B. Croce, Naples, 1900). [26] _Med._ § 116. [27] _Æsthetica,_ i. pref. [28] _Æsthetica. Scripsit_ Alex. Gottlieb Baumgarten, _Prof. Philosoph., Traiecti eis Viadrum, Impens. Ioannis Christiani Kleyb,_ 1750; 2nd part, 1758. [29] _Med._ § 116. [30] _Æsth._ § i. [31] _Med.%_ 117. [32] _Æsth._ § 71. [33] _Ibid._ § 53. [34] _Med._ § 115. [35] _Æsth._ § 14. [36] _Ibid._ § 18. [37] _Med._ § 92. [38] Ritter, _Gesch. d. Philos._ (Fr. trans., _Hist, de la phil. mod._ iii. p. 365); Zimmermann, _Gesch. d. Æsth._ p. 168; J. Schmidt, _L. u. B._ p. 48. [39] Danzel, _Gottsched,_ p. 218; Meyer, _L. u. B._ pp. 35-38. [40] Schmidt, _op. cit._ p. 44. [41] _Med._ §§ 19, 20, 23. [42] _Æsth._ § 424. [43] _Op. cit._ § 441. [44] _Op. cit._ § 560. [45] _Æsth._ § 424. [46] _Op. cit._ § 557. [47] _Op. cit._ §§ 425, 429. [48] _Op. cit._ § 443. [49] _Op. cit._ § 448. [50] _Op. cit._ § 483. [51] _Op. cit._ § 484. [52] _Æsth._ §§ 485, 486. [53] _Op. cit._ §§ 7, 12. [54] _Op. cit._ § 478. [55] Cf. Wolff, Psych, empir. § 511, and the passage there quoted from Descartes; also §§ 542, 550. [56] Th. Joh. Quistorp, in _Neuen Bücher-Saal,_ 1745, fasc. 5; _Erweis dass die Poesie schon für sie selbst ihre Liebhaber leichtlich unglücklich machen könne_; and A. G. Baumgarten, _Metaphysica,_ 2nd ed., 1748, preface; cf. Danzel, _Gottsched,_ pp. 215, 221. [57] _Æsth._ § 122. [58] _Med._ § 9. [59] _Op. cit._ §§ 111, 113. [60] _Æsth._ § 11. V GIAMBATTISTA VICO [Sidenote: _Vico as inventor of æsthetic science._] The real revolutionary who by putting aside the concept of probability and conceiving imagination in a novel manner actually discovered the true nature of poetry and art and, so to speak, invented the science of Æsthetic, was the Italian Giambattista Vico.