Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically ConsideredLockyer, Norman, Sir
History
Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Druids and Druidism; Great Britain -- Antiquities; Stonehenge (England); Sun worship; Temples
“At a short distance to the south-east and south-west there are cairns,
which have been explored.”
For this monument I have used the 6-inch map, as the circle lies nearly
at the centre, and all the outstanding stones are within its limits. The
heights of the sky-line were measured by Mr. H. Bolitho at a subsequent
visit with a miner’s dial; the resulting declinations have been
calculated by Mr. Rolston. A theodolite survey will doubtless revise
some of them:--
Marks. Az. Hills. Dec. Star. Date.
1. F. Stone cross N. 43° 15′ E. 2° 7′ +29° 26′ Capella 2250
2. P. Fine menhir N. 53 30 E. 1 15 22 58 Solstitial --
sun
3. B. Blind N. 54 30 E. 1 15 22 24 Solstitial --
Fiddler sun
4. Two large N. 66 50 E. 1 0 14 55 May sun --
menhirs
5. Stone cross N. 78 0 E. 1 0(?) + 8 8 Pleiades 1480
(May)
6. Stone S. 66 30 E. 1 0(?) -14 32 November --
sun
7. Stone N. 83 30 W. 1 0(?) + 4 36 Pleiades 2120
(September)
[Illustration: FIG. 60.--Showing azimuths in Lat. N. 50° for the summer
solstice sunrise, with different heights of hills for 1905 A.D. and 1680
B.C.
~Vertical axis from bottom: SEA LEVEL, ¹⁄₂°, 1°, 1¹⁄₂°, 2°.~
~Horizontal axis, top, from left: 1905 A.D., 49° 20′-54° 20′.~
~Horizontal axis, bottom, from left: 1680 B.C. (DATE OF STONEHENGE), 48°
40′-53° 40′.~]
I gather from a report which Mr. H. Bolitho has been good enough to send
me that modern hedges and farming operations have changed the conditions
of the sight-lines, so that 1 and 3 are just invisible from the circle.
This is by no means the only case in which the sighting stone has just
been hidden over the brow of a hill and in which signals from an
observer on the brow itself have been suggested, or a _via sacra_ to the
brow from the circle; there are many monoliths in this direction which
certainly never belonged to the circle.
From the menhir P (No. 2) a fine view is obtained from N. to S. through
E., so that the Blind Fiddler and the two large menhirs, and almost the
circle, are visible. The curious shapes of 1 and 2 are noted, the east
face vertical and the west boundary curved, like several sighting stones
on Dartmoor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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