_Berserk._ See _Ynglingasaga_, ch. 6. II. _Dwarfs._ Cf. the story of Svegir in _Ynglingasaga_, ch. 15. _Dvalin_ is the name of a dwarf in _Vˆlusp·_, str. 11, 14; _H·vam·l_, str. 143, and in other of the _Edda_ poems. It is, in fact, the typical name for a dwarf. Cf. also _Gylfaginning_, ch. 14, and _Sk·ldskaparm·l_, ch. 3, 57. _Dulin_ does not occur elsewhere, though _Durin_ is found in _Vˆlusp·_, str. 10. _Standing in the doorway of the stone_, etc. Cf. _Vˆlusp·_, str. 48. _Your sword_, etc. Cf. _Sk·ldskaparm·l_, ch. 49. "Now I have drawn _D·insleif_, which the dwarfs made and which must cause a man's death every time it is drawn, and never fails in its stroke." _Tyrfing._ It has been suggested that this name is derived from _tyrfi_, 'resinous fir-tree,' owing to its flaming like resinous fir-wood. In early times it was customary for swords to be called by names ending in _-ing_. Cf. the swords _Hrunting_ in _Beowulf_, l. 1457, etc., _Nagling_, _ibid._, l. 2680, and _Mimming_ in _Waldhere_, l. 3, etc., etc. _Perms._ The text has _um Bjarmaland_ 'in the land of the Bjarmar,' i.e. the _Beormas_ of Ohthere's Voyage in Alfred's translation of _Orosius_. It is generally reached, not as here, apparently, by the Baltic, but by voyages round the North Cape. The name is generally supposed to be connected with _Perm_, and in early times may have comprehended the Zyrianians, as well as the Permians proper and the Votiaks. There is some evidence from place-names that this group of languages was once spoken as far west as the White Sea. Cf. Abercromby, _The Pre- and Proto-historic Finns_, p. 10 f. _Svafrlami._ The text (H) followed by the Reykjavik edition here has Sigrlami--which can hardly be right. Rafn's ed. reads Svafrlami. _Twelve sons._ For Arngrim's Sons, Cf. _HyndluljÛth_, str. 23, 24; Saxo Grammaticus, _Dan. Hist._, pp. 203-205; _Saga of ÷rvar Odd_, ch. 14. _Twins._ See the _Saga of Harold the Fairhaired_ (_Heimskringla_), ch. 18, where again we find twins both receiving the same name. _Mistletoe._ A sword of the same name occurs in the _Saga of Hromund Greipsson_ (see above). _Hrotti._ Cf. _Hrunting_, the sword of Hunferth in _Beowulf_, l. 1457 etc. See also the note to _Tyrfing_, p. 235. III. _Yule_, a festival of heathen times, approximately at Christmas, but rather later. _Feast_, lit. 'At the Bragi-cup.' The custom of making vows in connection with these toasts was carried on into Christian times, an interesting example being found in the _Saga of Olaf Tryggvason_ (_Heimskringla_), ch. 39. See also the _Saga of Haakon the Good_ (_Heimskringla_), ch. 16; and _Helgakvia HjˆrvarssÛnar_, str. 32. _Angantyr made a vow._ In the Royal MS. (see p. 79) it is Hjˆrvarth who makes the vow and subsequently claims the bride. _Yngvi_ is the family name of the early Swedish kings. Collectively the early Swedish royal family were called _Ynglingar_. Cf. _Ynglingasaga_, ch. 20.