[20] Mr. Henry Booth, secretary to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, suggested to Mr. Stephenson the idea of a multitubular boiler. [21] This letter is dated Nov. 24, 1793. [22] This was in 1812, twenty years after the invention of the gin. The saving in 1885 is enormously greater. [23] Napoleon III., under whose protection Bessemer had been experimenting in projectiles when his attention was turned to the manufacture of iron. [24] In Grüner's text-book on steel, he says: "In its properties, as well as in its manufacture, steel is comprised between the limits of cast and wrought iron. It cannot even be said where steel begins or ends. It is a series which begins with the most impure black pig iron, and ends with the softest and purest wrought iron. [Karsten stated this in these words in 1823.] Cast-iron passes into hard steel in becoming malleable (natural steel for wire-mills, the 'Wildstahl' of the Germans); and steel, properly so called, passes into iron, giving in succession mild steel, steel of the nature of iron, steely iron, and granular iron." [25] A small cannon cast by Sir Henry, the description of which we have omitted. [26] Immediately after his first successful experiment at St. Pancras, described above. INDEX. Abel, Professor, 275, 278 Althorp, Lord, 268 Anderson, 246 Archimedes, 18, 20 Bacon, Roger, 37 Barlow, Joel, 179 Baxter House, 277 Beccaria, 114 Bell, I. L., 280 Benvenuto Cellini, 58 Bernard Palissy, 82 Berthier, 281 Berzelius, 281 Bessemer, Andrew, 262 Bessemer, Sir Henry, 259 Bessemer and Catherwood, 263 Black, Dr., 165 Blue Hills, Mass., 284 Bossuet, 183 Boulton, Matthew, 171, 181 Bourbon, Constable, 63 Braithwaite and Ericsson, 212 Brandreth, 212 Bridgewater Foundry, 249, 255 Brunel, Isambert, 178 Bungy, Friar, 41 Burstall, 212, 216 Carriage, Sailing, 141 Car of Neptune, 189 Caslon, Henry, 263 Cellini, Benvenuto, 58 Chaise, One-wheeled, 144 Charles IX. of France, 96 Cheltenham, 281 Church, Benjamin, 174 Circle, The Square of, 22 Clement VII., 62 Condensation, 159 Conductors of Electricity, 105 Constable Bourbon, shot, 63 Coolidge, O. B., 292 Court of Chancery, N. Y., 189 Dalibard, 108 Darwin, Dr., 135 Dawson, President, 286 De Foe, Daniel, 99 Devonport, 252 Didot, Finnin, 263 Dixon, John, 205 Droz, François Xavier Joseph, 102 Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 119 Edison's Laboratory, 51 Electricity, 103 Elkingtons, 263 Engines, Early Steam, 149 Euclid, 20 Evans, Oliver, 175 Experiment, The Great, 111 Field, Joshua, 249 Fitch, John, 177, 190 "Firework," The, 155 Francis I., 71 Franklin, Benjamin, 97, 177, 237 Fulton, Robert, 173 Gig, One-wheeled, 145 Glasses, Musical, 115-117 Gold Paint, 270 Goodyear, Charles, 285 Greene, Mrs. General, 227, 229 Grüner, 279 Gun Factories, 275