The word _slave_, again, contains in itself whole chapters of European history. It comes from the word _Slav_. The Slavs are the race of people to which the Russians, Poles, and many other nations in the East of Europe belong. The Great War has been partly fought for the freedom of the small Slav nations, of which Serbia is one. The Slavs have a long history of oppression and tyranny behind them. They have been subject to stronger nations, such as the Turks, and, in Hungary, the Magyars. The first "slaves" in mediaeval Europe belonged to this race, and the word "slave" is only another form of _Slav_. The word gives us an idea of the impression which the misfortunes of the Slavs made on the people of the Middle Ages. The words _Turk_ and _Tartar_ have almost the opposite meaning to _slave_ when they are used in a general sense. We call an unmanageable baby a "young Turk," and in this expression we have the idea of all the trouble the Turks have given the people of Europe since they swarmed in from the East in the twelfth century. The word _Turk_ in this sense is now generally used amusingly to describe a troublesome child; but a grown-up person with a very quick temper or very difficult to get on with is often described also, chiefly in fun, as a "Tartar." Tartar is the name of the race of people to which the Turks, Cossacks, and several other peoples belong. The name by which they called themselves was _Tatar_; but Europeans changed it to _Tartar_, from the Latin word _Tartarus_, which means "hell." This gives us some idea of the impression these fierce people made on mediaeval Europe--an impression which is kept in memory by the present humorous use of the word. It is chiefly Eastern peoples whose names have passed into common words meaning fierce and cruel people. Our fairy tales are full of tales of "ogres." It is not quite certain, but it is probable that this word comes from _Hungarian_. The chief people of Hungary are the Magyars; but the first person who used the name _Hungarian_ in the sense of "ogre" probably did not know this, but thought of them as Huns, or perhaps Tartars, and therefore as very fierce, cruel people. The first person who is known to have used it is Perrault, a French writer of fairy tales in the seventeenth century.