Another aspect of this preference for land distant from the sea is shown by their behavior when threatened with danger from man or dog. They flee away from the sea, back onto the land, when safety for them actually lies in the sea. Presumably this fixed behavior dates back to the time when the seal that is called the sea leopard was the penguin's main enemy. Then the sea held their only danger. With man's arrival the situation changed, but only after considerable experience with man do the birds change this behavior. Apparently, when the time came for the penguins in this South Georgia graveyard to die, they followed their age-old pattern, climbing to the high country and away from the sea. IN A HOLLOW TREE In a hole about eighteen inches in diameter and twelve feet deep in the trunk of a wych elm in Hants, England, Ursula M. Grigg reports finding the bones of at least ninety jackdaws, thirteen starlings, six green woodpeckers, and twenty-five stock doves. All the remains were clean, and not much broken or decomposed. The idea that these bones were the remains of owls' or other predators' feasts was discarded for a number of reasons; as was the idea that this had been a natural trap, the birds entering to roost or nest and being unable to escape. The most tenable idea seems to be that this was a favorite roosting place in winter, and that during the severe weather old and weakened birds, roosting there, succumbed and added their bodies to this communal grave. ON AN ISLAND Another instance comes from the little Cape Verde Isle of Cima in the South Atlantic. A photograph in the _National Geographic_ magazine for 1927, Vol. 52, P. 27, has the caption that this island is unique and uninhabited and covered with the tiny bones of millions of petrels which in ages past have come here to die. Certainly the plate shows an amazing litter of bird bones on the tiny plateau of this islet. Petrels are mostly pelagic birds, coming to the land only to nest on isolated islets. Can this "graveyard" be merely the normal accumulation of the bones of the nesting season mortality, or can it be that the birds actually come here to die? ANIMAL GARDENS [Illustration] Best known of the "gardens" and "animal husbandry" of the lower animals are those of the ants; the aphis kept by the ants for the sake of a sweetish secretion, and the underground fungus garden of the ants. In the vertebrates I know nothing comparable to this, but we do get a number of cases where there is a definite relation between the animals and the growth of vegetation.