Studies in Early Victorian LiteratureHarrison, Frederic
History
Studies in Early Victorian Literature
Harrison, Frederic
English literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism
The long poem of _Andromeda_ almost succeeds in that impossible feat--the
revival of the hexameter in English. It may be a hard saying to the
countrymen of Longfellow, but the truth is that the hexameter is a
metrical monster in our English speech. The paucity of easy dactyls and
the absence of all true spondees in English words, the preponderance of
consonants over vowels, the want of inflected forms, and other
peculiarities in our language--make the hexameter incapable of
transplantation; and this magnificent metre loses with us all its
majesty, its ease, its beauty. The very line can hardly be printed on an
ordinary page, for the immense number of letters in each English verse
causes an unsightly doubling of the lines, chokes the voice, and wearies
the ear. In the hexameter line of Homer there are usually about thirty
letters, of which only twelve are consonants; in the English hexameter
there are often sixty letters, of which nearly forty are consonants. And
the Homeric hexameter will have six words where the English hexameter has
twelve or fourteen.[1] Yet having set himself this utterly hopeless and
thankless task, to write English hexameter, Kingsley produced some five
hundred lines of _Andromeda_, which in rhythm, ease, rapidity, and
metrical correctness are quite amongst the best in the language. It is
very rare to meet with any English hexameter which in rhythm, stress, and
prosody is perfectly accurate. _Andromeda_ contains many such lines, as
for example:
Violet, asphodel, ivy, and vine-leaves, roses and lilies--
Nereid, siren, and triton, and dolphin, and arrowy fishes.
These lines are true hexameters, chiefly because they consist of Latin
and Greek words; and they have little more than forty letters, of which
barely more than half are consonants. They would be almost pure
hexameters, if in lieu of the long a[a-macron]nd, we could put
e[e-breve]t, or _te_ [tau epsilon]. And there are only three Saxon words
in the two lines. But hexameters consisting of purely English words,
especially of Anglo-Saxon words, halt and stammer like a schoolboy's
exercise. The attempt of Kingsley in _Andromeda_ is most ingenious and
most instructive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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