how many a book would become superfluous, if we could obtain certainty about these points! The Talmud tells us little, almost nothing, about these important things, whilst we get from the Roman writers only sneers and raillery. To these respectable Romans the Jews were only a mob of unlettered atheists. Indeed, to a good orthodox heathen, a religion without images and statues, with a God without a pedigree and without a theogony, was an impossible thing. Those poor metaphysicians! However, why dwell so long on a past world? A famous Rabbi once exclaimed: “If a man would ask thee, ‘Where is thy God?’ answer him: ‘In the great city of Rome.’ ” The underlying idea was the mystical notion that wherever Israel had to migrate, they were accompanied by the Divine presence. And Rome was, in the times of the Rabbis, the point to which the streams of Jewish migration from the Holy Land chiefly converged. But now, instead of to Rome, might we not point to London and New York as centres of Jewish migrations? INDEX This Index contains the most important names of persons, titles of books, technical terms and Hebrew words occurring in the text. In the notes to the text, the Hebrew words are for the most part given also in Hebrew characters. Abarbanel, Isaac, 173, 174 Abaye, 311 _Ab Beth Din_, 84 Abba Mari b. Moses, 165, 179 Abba Tachnah, the Chassid, 221 Abraham, Baalshem’s father‐in‐law, 7 Abraham, son of Elijah Wilna, 88 Abraham of Bedres, 262 Abraham Abulaphia, 262 Abraham Ibn Daud, 162 Abraham Ibn Ezra, 50, 52, 64, 71, 210, 314 Abraham b. Shem—Tob Bibago, 172, 173 Abtalyon, 186 Abuha, 311 Acha, 310 _Acher_, 292 _Adam, Primal_, 239 _Agadah_, pl. _Agadoth_, 64, 105, 183, 197 _Agadic_, 110, 156, 157, 193, 262, 279 _Ages of Man_, 295 Akabyah b. Mahalaleel, 305 Akiba, 70, 84, 130, 188, 190, 194, 220, 227, 228, 234 _Almemor_, 302 Ammi, 214, 217, 226, 231 _Amora_, pl. _Amoraim_, 17, 84, 195 Amram Gaon, 293 Anna of Kaidon, wife of Elijah Wilna, 82 Anselm, St., of Canterbury, 79 Antigonos of Socho, 229 Anti‐Maimonists, 133 Aristotle, 79, 167 Aryeh Leb, son of Elijah Wilna, 88 _Ascension of Elijah_, 75 Asher b. Jechiel, 210 Assideans, 64 _Ayil Meshulash_, 81 Azariah de Rossi, 66, 71, 105, 333 _Aziluth_, 117 Azulai, 277 _Baalshem_, Israel, 3‐12, 14‐35, 73 Bachrach, Ch. J., 325 _Bachur_, pl. _Bachurim_, 95, 97 Bachya, 131 _Baraitha_, 271 _Baruch Sheamar_, 311 Bashazi, 161 _Bath‐Kol_, 190 Beer of Mizriez, 11, 37 Beer, Peter, 66 Ben Azzai, 130, 216, 319 Benjamin of Tudela, 329 Ben‐Jacob, 259 Ben Sira, 297 Ben Zoma, 130 _Bereshith_, 127 _Berith Milah_, 288, 292, 293 Berliner, A., 327 Bernays, Isaak, 337 _Beth Din_, 191‐193 _Beth Hammidrash_, 7, 16, 84, 139 _Beth Talmud_, 210 _Biccurim_, 58 Bloch, Samson, 51 Bodek, A., 51 _Book of Brightness_ (_see_ Zohar) _Book of the Pious_, 295, 322 _Book of Victory_, 167 _Book of Weight_, 133 Boswell, 142, 197 Buckle, 96 _Burbot_, 138