[121] _Cartulaire de l’Université de Montpellier (1180-1518)_, Montpellier, 1894, p. 21. [122] Dates of the institution of dissection at this and other Universities are given by F. Baker in _Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital_, vol. xx, p. 331, Baltimore, 1909. [123] Statuti dell’ Università di Medicina e di Arti del 1405, Rubr. lxxxxvi (‘De anothomia quolibet anno fienda’) in the _Statuti delle Università e dei collegi dello Studio bolognese_, edited by Carlo Malagola, Bologna, 1888, p. 289. [124] J. Säxinger, _Ueber die Entwickelung des medizinischen Unterrichts an der Tübinger Hochschule_, Tübingen, 1884, pp. 5 and 10. [125] How rarely dissections were conducted in some of the Universities may be gathered from the first statutes of the medical faculty of Tübingen, dated 1497. These ordain a dissection _every three or four years_. Not till 1601 was an anatomy held at Tübingen even once a year (see Säxinger, loc. cit.). Even at Montpellier in the sixteenth century the scarcity was so great that Rondelet (1507-66) was on one occasion reduced to dissect the body of his son. For this terrible incident see A. Portal, _Histoire de l’Anatomie et Chirurgie_, Paris, 1770, vol. i, p. 522; A. Haller, _Bibliotheca anatomica_, Lib. iv, § clxxxiv, Leyden, 1774, vol. i, p. 205; and A. O. Goelicke, _Introductio in historiam litterariam anatomes_, Frankfurt, 1738, p. 136. There was, however, a relatively plentiful supply of subjects in the Italian Universities and especially at Bologna and Padua in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries (cp. A. Haller, _Bibliotheca anatomica_, introduction to Lib. v, p. 218). This was perhaps due to the utterly depraved state of public and private morals to which the peoples of the peninsula had been reduced by the excesses of the tyrants and the condottieri. [126] Plate XXVIII _b_ is perhaps the earliest representation of the practice of dissection yet brought to light. It is described in Charles Singer, ‘Thirteenth-Century Miniatures illustrating Medical Practice’, _Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Section of the History of Medicine_, 1916, vol. ix, pp. 29-42.