But, plain and definite though the end of an individual life may be, the end of the race--of the human or any other race--the end of the universe, are things only to be guessed at, and all we are left with is an indefinite series of evolving systems emerging out of an infinite past and fading into an infinite future. In the final issue, indeed, the last effect is as delusive an _ignis fatuus_ as the first cause. The philosophy which has rejected one must divest itself of the other, and seek its end, if anywhere, in the logical _prius_ of the mind, which, though last in time, is yet first in thought, since through it alone can that ordered knowledge of nature which we call science be born and brought to perfection. [Illustration: From the Italian translation of ‘KETHAM’, VENICE 1493 Plate XXVII. MUNDINUS(?) LECTURING ON ANATOMY] [Illustration: BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE MS. fr. 2030 Written in 1314 TO ILLUSTRATE THE ANATOMY OF HENRI DE MONDEVILLE] [Illustration: BODLEIAN MS. ASHMOLE 399 fo. 34 r Plate XXVIII. A DISSECTION SCENE _circa_ 1298] A STUDY IN EARLY RENAISSANCE ANATOMY, WITH A NEW TEXT: THE ANOTHOMIA OF HIERONYMO MANFREDI (1490) By Charles Singer TEXT TRANSCRIBED AND TRANSLATED BY A. MILDRED WESTLAND I. Anatomy in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries 79 II. Bolognese Works on Anatomy 92 III. Hieronymo Manfredi, Professor at Bologna, 1463-93 97 IV. The Manuscript _Anatomy_ of Manfredi 103 V. Translation of Selected Passages from the _Anothomia_, with Commentary 106 (a) The Brain, Cranial Nerves, &c. 106 (b) The Eye 118 (c) The Heart 122 Italian Text of the _Anothomia_ 130 I. ANATOMY IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES