[196] See, e.g., Winckel, _Die Krankheiten der weiblichen Harnrohre und Blase_, 1885, p. 211; and "Lehrbuch der Frauenkrankheiten," 1886, p. 210; also, Hyrtl, _Handbuch du Topographischen Anatomie_, 7th ed., Bd. II, pp. 212-214. Grünfeld (_Wiener medizinische Blätter_, November 26, 1896), collected 115 cases of foreign body in the bladder--68 in men, 47 in women; but while those found in men were usually the result of a surgical accident, those found in women were mostly introduced by the patients themselves. The patient usually professes profound ignorance as to how the object came there; or she explains that she accidentally sat down upon it, or that she used it to produce freer urination. The earliest surgical case of this kind I happen to have met with, was recorded by Plazzon, in Italy, in 1621 (_De Partibus Generationi Inservientibus_, lib. ii, Ch. XIII); it was that of a certain honorable maiden with a large clitoris, who, seeking to lull sexual excitement with the aid of a bone needle, inserted it in the bladder, whence it was removed by Aquapendente. [197] A. Poulet, _Traité des Corps étrangers en Chirurgie_, 1879. English translation, 1881, vol. ii, pp. 209, 230. Rohleder (_Die Masturbation_, 1899, pp. 24-31) also gives examples of strange objects found in the sexual organs. [198] E.H. Smith, "Signs of Masturbation in the Female," _Pacific Medical Journal_, February, 1903, quoted by R.W. Taylor, _Practical Treatise on Sexual Disorders_, 3d ed., p. 418. [199] L. Tait, _Diseases of Women_, 1889, vol. i, p. 100. [200] _Obstetric Journal_, vol. i, 1873, p. 558. Cf. G.J. Arnold, _British, Medical Journal_, January 6, 1906, p. 21. [201] Dudley, _American Journal of Obstetrics_, July, 1889, p. 758. [202] A. Reverdin, "Epingles à Cheveux dans la Vessie," _Revue Médicale de la Suisse Romande_, January 20, 1888. His cases are fully recorded, and his paper is an able and interesting contribution to this by-way of sexual psychology. The first case was a school-master's wife, aged 22, who confessed in her husband's presence, without embarrassment or hesitation, that the manoeuvre was habitual, learned from a school-companion, and continued after marriage. The second was a single woman of 42, a _curé's_ servant, who attempted to elude confession, but on leaving the doctor's house remarked to the house-maid, "Never go to bed without taking out your hair-pins; accidents happen so easily." The third was an English girl of 17 who finally acknowledged that she had lost two hair-pins in this way. The fourth was a child of 12, driven by the pain to confess that the practice had become a habit with her.