[272] Pierre Janet, _L'Automatisme Psychologique_, 1889; _L'Etat mental des Hystériques_, 1894; _Névroses et Idées fixes_, 1898; Breuer und Freud, _Studien über Hysterie_, Vienna, 1895; the best introduction to Freud's work is, however, to be found in the two series of his _Sammlung Kleiner Schriften zur Neurosenlehre_, published in a collected form in 1906 and 1909. It may be added that a useful selection of Freud's papers has lately (1909) been published in English. [273] We might, perhaps, even say that in hysteria the so-called higher centres have an abnormally strong inhibitory influence over the lower centres. Gioffredi (_Gazzetta degli Ospedali_, October 1, 1895) has shown that some hysterical symptoms, such as mutism, can be cured by etherization, thus loosening the control of the higher centres. [274] Charcot's school could not fail to recognize the erotic tone which often dominates hysterical hallucinations. Gilles de la Tourette seeks to minimize it by the remark that "it is more mental than real." He means to say that it is more psychic than physical, but he implies that the physical element in sex is alone "real," a strange assumption in any case, as well as destructive of Gilles de la Tourette's own fundamental assertion that hysteria is a real disease and yet purely psychic. [275] See, e.g., his substantial volume, _Die Traumdeutung_, 1900, 2d ed. 1909. [276] _Sammlung_, first series, p. 208. [277] _Studien über Hysterie_, p. 217. [278] _Sammlung_, first series, p. 162. [279] _Sammlung_, second series, p. 102. [280] Ib. p. 146. [281] _Sammlung_, first series, p. 229. Freud has developed his conception of sexual constitution in _Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie_, 1905. [282] As Moll remarks, Freud's conceptions are still somewhat subjective, and in need of objective demonstration; but whatever may be thought of their theories, he adds, there can be no doubt that Breuer and Freud have done a great service by calling attention to the important action of the sexual life on the nervous system. [283] Gertrude Stein, "Cultivated Motor Automatism," _Psychological Review_, May, 1898. [284] Charcot's most faithful followers refuse to recognize a "hysteric temperament," and are quite right, if such a conception is used to destroy the conception of hysteria as a definite disease. We cannot, however, fail to recognize a diathesis which, while still apparently healthy, is predisposed to hysteria. So distinguished a disciple of Charcot as Janet thoroughly recognizes this, and argues (_L'Etat mental_, etc., p. 298) that "we may find in the habits, the passions, the psychic automatism of the normal man, the germ of all hysterical phenomena." Féré held a somewhat similar view. [285] A.F.A. King, "Hysteria," _American Journal of Obstetrics_, May 18, 1891.