[290] Oskar Berger, _Archiv für Psychiatrie_, Bd. 6, 1876. [291] _Die Masturbation_, p. 41. [292] Dukes, _Preservation of Health_, 1884, p. 150. [293] G. Stanley Hall, _Adolescence_, vol. i, p. 434. [294] F.S. Brockman, "A Study of the Moral and Religious Life of Students in the United States," _Pedagogical Seminary_, September, 1902. Many pitiful narratives are reproduced. [295] Moraglia, "Die Onanie beim normalen Weibe und bei den Prostituten," _Zeitschrift für Criminal-Anthropologie_, 1897, p. 489. It should be added that Moraglia is not a very critical investigator. It is probable, however, that on this point his results are an approximation to the truth. [296] Ernst, "Anthropological Researches on the Population of Venezuela," _Memoirs of the Anthropological Society_, vol. iii, 1870, p. 277. [297] Niceforo, _Il Gergo nei Normali_, etc., 1897, cap. V. [298] Debreyne, _Moechialogie_, p. 64. Yet theologians and casuists, Debreyne remarks, frequently never refer to masturbation in women. [299] Stanley Hall, op. cit., vol. i, p. 34. Hall mentions, also, that masturbation is specially common among the blind. [300] Moraglia, _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. xvi, fasc. 4 and 5, p. 313. [301] See his careful study, "Die Sexuellen Perversitäten in der Irrenanstalt," _Psychiatrische Bladen_, No. 2. 1899. [302] Venturi, _Degenerazioni Psico-sessuali_, pp. 105, 133, 148, 152. [303] J.P. West, _Transactions of the Ohio Pediatric Society_, 1895. _Abstract in Medical Standard_, November, 1895; cases are also recorded by J.T. Winter, "Self-abuse in Infancy and Childhood," _American Journal Obstetrics_, June, 1902. [304] Freud, _Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie_, pp. 36 et seq. [305] G.E. Shuttleworth, _British Medical Journal_, October 3, 1903. [306] See for a detailed study of sexuality in childhood, Moll's valuable book, _Das Sexualleben des Kindes_; cf. vol. vi of these _Studies_, Ch. II. [307] This is, no doubt, the most common opinion, and it is frequently repeated in text-books. It is scarcely necessary, however, to point out that only the opinions of those who have given special attention to the matter can carry any weight. R.W. Shufeldt ("On a Case of Female Impotency," pp. 5-7) quotes the opinions of various cautious observers as to the difficulty of detecting masturbation in women. [308] This latter opinion is confirmed by Näcke so far as the insane are concerned. In a careful study of sexual perversity in a large asylum, Näcke found that, while moderate masturbation could be more easily traced among men than among women, excessive masturbation was more common among women. And, while among the men masturbation was most frequent in the lowest grades of mental development (idiocy and imbecility), and least frequent in the highest grades (general paralysis), in the women it was the reverse. (P. Näcke, "Die Sexuellen Perversitäten in der Irrenanstalt," _Psychiatrische en Neurologische Bladen_, No. 2, 1899.)