[362] W.R. Smith, _Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia_, 1885, p. 307. The point is elaborated in the same author's _Religion of Semites_, second edition, Appendix on "Holiness, Uncleanness, and Taboo," pp. 446-54. See also Wellhausen, _Reste Arabischen Heidentums_, second edition, pp. 167-77. Even to the early Arabians, Wellhausen remarks (p. 168), "clean" meant "profane and allowed," while "unclean" meant "sacred and forbidden." It was the same, as Jastrow remarks (_Religion of Babylonia_, p. 662), among the Babylonian Semites. [363] J.C. Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, Chapter IV. [364] E. Durkheim, "La Prohibition de l'Inceste et ses Origines," _L'Année Sociologique_, Première Année, 1898, esp. pp. 44, 46-47, 48, 50-57. Crawley (_Mystic Rose_, p. 212) opposes Durkheim's view as to the significance of blood in relation to the attitude towards women. [365] _British Association Report on North Western Tribes of Canada_, 1890, p. 581. [366] _Laws of Manu_, iv, 41. [367] Pliny, who, in Book VII, Chapter XIII, and Book XXVIII, Chapter XXIII, of his _Natural History_, gives long lists of the various good and evil influences attributed to menstruation, writes in the latter place: "Hailstorms, they say, whirlwinds, and lightnings, even, will be scared away by a woman uncovering her body while her monthly courses are upon her. The same, too, with all other kinds of tempestuous weather; and out at sea, a storm may be stilled by a woman uncovering her body merely, even though not menstruating at the time. At any other time, also, if a woman strips herself naked while she is menstruating, and walks round a field of wheat, the caterpillars, worms, beetles, and other vermin will fall from off the ears of corn." [368] See Bourke, _Scatologic Rites of all Nations_, 1891, pp. 217-219, 250 and 254; Ploss and Max Bartels, _Das Weib_, vol. i; H.L. Strack, _Der Blutaberglaube in der Menschheit_, fourth edition, 1892, pp. 14-18. The last mentioned refers to the efficacy frequently attributed to menstrual blood in the Middle Ages in curing leprosy, and gives instances, occurring even in Germany to-day, of girls who have administered drops of menstrual blood in coffee to their sweethearts, to make sure of retaining their affections. [369] See, e.g., Dufour, _Histoire de la Prostitution_, vol. iii, p. 115. [370] Dr. L. Laurent gives these instances, "De Quelques Phenomènes Mécaniques produits au moment de la Menstruation," _Annales des Sciences Psychiques_, September and October, 1897. [371] _Journal Anthropological Society of Bombay_, 1890, p. 403. Even the glance of a menstruating woman is widely believed to have serious results. See Tuchmann, "La Fascination," _Mélasine_, 1888, pp. 347 _et seq._ [372] As quoted in the _Provincial Medical Journal_, April, 1891. APPENDIX B. SEXUAL PERIODICITY IN MEN. BY F.H. PERRY-COSTE, B. Sc. (LOND.).