[8] E. Selous, "Sexual Selection in Birds," _Zoölogist_, Feb., 1907, p. 65; ib., May, p. 169. Sexual aberrations generally are not uncommon among birds; see, e.g., A. Heim, "Sexuelle Verirrungen bei Vögeln in den Tropen," _Sexual-Probleme_, April, 1913. [9] See Moll, _Untersuchungen über die Libido Sexualis_, 1898, Bd. i, pp. 369, 374-5. For a summary of facts concerning homosexuality in animals see F. Karsch, "Päderastie und Tribadie bei den Tieren auf Grund der Literatur," _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. ii, 1899, pp. 126-154 [10] Muccioli, "Degenerazione e Criminalità nei Colombi," _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1893, p. 40. [11] _L'Intermédiare des Biologistes_, November 20, 1897. [12] R.I. Pocock, _Field_, 25 Oct., 1913. [13] R.S. Rutherford, "Crowing Hens," _Poultry_, January 26, 1896. [14] This has now been very thoroughly done by Prof. F. Karsch-Haack in a large book, _Das Gleichgeschlechtliche Leben der Naturvölker_, 1911. An earlier and shorter study by the same author was published in the _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. iii, 1901. [15] See a brief and rather inconclusive treatment of the question by Bruns Meissner, "Assyriologische Studien," iv, _Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_, 1907. [16] _Monatshefte für praktische Dermatologie_, Bd. xxix, 1899, p. 409. [17] Hirschfeld, _Die Homosexualität_, p. 739. [18] Beardmore also notes that sodomy is "regularly indulged in" in New Guinea on this account. (_Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, May, 1890, p. 464.) [19] I have been told by medical men in India that it is specially common among the Sikhs, the finest soldier-race in India. [20] Foley, _Bulletin Société d'Anthropologie de Paris_, October 9, 1879. [21] See, e.g., O. Kiefer, "Plato's Stellung zu Homosexualität," _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, vol. vii. [22] Bethe, op. cit., p. 440. In old Japan (before the revolution of 1868) also, however, according to F.S. Krauss (_Das Geschlechtsleben der Japaner_, ch. xiii, 1911), the homosexual relations between knights and their pages resembled those of ancient Greece. [23] _Archiv für Kriminal-Anthropologie_, 1906, p. 106. [24] _Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft_, 1914, Heft 2, p. 73. [25] Among the Sarts of Turkestan a class of well-trained and educated homosexual prostitutes, resembling those found in China and many regions of northern Asia, bearing also the same name of _batsha_, are said to be especially common because fostered by the scarcity of women through polygamy and by the women's ignorance and coarseness. The institution of the _batsha_ is supposed to have come to Turkestan from Persia. (Herman, "Die Päderastie bei den Sarten," _Sexual-Probleme_, June, 1911.) This would seem to suggest that Persia may have been a general center of diffusions of this kind of refined homosexuality in northern Asia.