the constant endeavor to keep close to definite facts. It is this quality which renders the book an indispensable source for all who seek enlightened and precise information on this question. Even the existence of such a treatise as this of Hirschfeld's is enough to show how rapidly the study of this subject has grown. A few years ago--for instance, when Dr. Paul Moreau wrote his _Aberrations du Sens Génésique_--sexual inversion was scarcely even a name. It was a loathsome and nameless vice, only to be touched with a pair of tongs, rapidly and with precautions. As it now presents itself, it is a psychological and medico-legal problem so full of interest that we need not fear to face it, and so full of grave social actuality that we are bound to face it. FOOTNOTES: [113] In England aberration of the sexual instinct, or the tendency of men to feminine occupations and of women to masculine occupations, had been referred to in the _Medical Times and Gazette_, February 9, 1867; Sir G. Savage first described a case of "Sexual Perversion" in the _Journal of Mental Science_, vol. xxx, October, 1884. [114] Moritz, _Magazin für Erfahrungsseelenkunde_, Berlin, Bd. viii. [115] A full and interesting account of Hössli and his book is given by Karsch in the _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. v, 1903, pp. 449-556. [116] "Eugen Dühren" (Iwan Bloch) remarks, however (_Neue Forschungen über den Marquis de Sade und seine Zeit_, p. 436), that de Sade in his _Aline et Valcour_ seems to recognize that inversion is sometimes inborn, or at least natural, and apt to develop at a very early age, in spite of all provocations to the normal attitude. "And if this inclination were not natural," he makes Sarmiento say, "would the impression of it be received in childhood?... Let us study better this indulgent Nature before daring to fix her limits." Still earlier, in 1676 (as Schouten has pointed out, _Sexual-Probleme_, January, 1910, p. 66), an Italian priest called Carretto recognized that homosexual tendencies are innate. [117] For some account of Ulrichs see _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. i, 1899, p. 36. [118] Horatio Brown, _John Addington Symonds, a Biography_, vol. ii, p. 344. [119] Ulrichs scarcely went so far as to assert that both homosexual and heterosexual love are equally normal and healthy; this has, however, been argued more recently. [120] Special mention may be made of _L'Inversion Sexuelle_, a copious and comprehensive, though sometimes uncritical book by Dr. J. Chevalier, published in 1893, and the _Perversion et Perversité Sexuelles_ of Dr. Saint-Paul, writing under the pseudonym of "Dr. Laupts," published in 1896 and republished in an enlarged form, under the title of _L'Homosexualité et les Types Homosexuels_, in 1910.