[98] Féré, _Travail et Plaisir_, Chapter XII, "Action Physiologique des Sens Musicaux." "A practical treatise on harmony," Goblot remarks (_Revue Philosophique_, July, 1901, p. 61), "ought to tell us in what way such an interval, or such a succession of intervals, affects us. A theoretical treatise on harmony ought to tell us the explanation of these impressions. In a word, musical harmony is a psychological science." He adds that this science is very far from being constituted yet; we have hardly even obtained a glimpse of it. [99] _American Journal of Psychology_, April, 1898. [100] _American Journal of Psychology_, November, 1887. The influence of rhythm on the involuntary muscular system is indicated by the occasional effect of music in producing a tendency to contraction of the bladder. [101] _Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie_ (Physiologisches Abtheilung), 1880, p. 420. [102] M.L. Patrizi, "Primi esperimenti intorno all' influenza della musica sulla circolozione del sangue nel cervello umano," _International Congress für Psychologie_, Munich, 1897, p. 176. [103] _Philosophische Studien_, vol. xi. [104] Binet and Courtier, "La Vie Emotionelle," _Année Psychologique_, Third Year, 1897, pp. 104-125. [105] Guibaud, _Contribution à l'étude expérimentale de l'influence de la musique sur la circulation et la respiration_. Thèse de Bordeaux, 1898, summarized in _Année Psychologique_, Fifth Year, 1899, pp. 645-649. [106] _International Congress of Physiology_, Berne, 1895. [107] The influence of association plays no necessary part in these pleasurable influences, for Féré's experiments show that an unmusical subject responds physiologically, with much precision, to musical intervals he is unable to recognize. R. MacDougall also finds that the effective quality of rhythmical sequences does not appear to be dependent on secondary associations (_Psychological Review_, January, 1903). [108] R.T. Lewis, in _Nature Notes_, August, 1891. [109] Cornish, "Orpheus at the Zoo," in _Life at the Zoo_, pp. 115-138. [110] _Descent of Man_, Chapters XIII and XIX. [111] "The Origin of Music" (1857), _Essays_, vol. ii. [112] Anyone who is in doubt on this point, as regards bird song, may consult the little book in which the evidence has been well summarized by Häcker, _Der Gesang der Vögel_, or the discussion in Groos's _Spiele der Thiere_, pp. 274 et seq. [113] Thus, mosquitoes are irresistibly attracted by music, and especially by those musical tones which resemble the buzzing of the female; the males alone are thus attracted. (Nuttall and Shipley, and Sir Hiram Maxim, quoted in _Nature_, October 31, 1901, p. 655, and in _Lancet_, February 22, 1902.) [114] _Descent of Man_, second edition, p. 567. Groos, in his discussion of music, also expresses doubt whether hearing plays a considerable part in the courtship of mammals, _Spiele der Menschen_, p. 22. [115] Féré, _L'Instinct Sexuel_, second edition, p. 137.