[138] A correspondent in Ceylon has pointed out to me that in the Indian statues of Buddha, Vishnu, goddesses, etc., the necklace always covers the nipples, a sexually attractive adornment being thus at the same time the guardian of the orifices of the body. Crawley (_The Mystic Rose_, p. 135) regards mutilations as in the nature of permanent amulets or charms. [139] Mantegazza, in his discussion of this point, although an ardent admirer of feminine beauty, decides that woman's form is not, on the whole, more beautiful than man's. See Appendix to Cap. IV of _Fisiologia della Donna_. [140] For a discussion of the anthropology of the feminine pelvis, see Ploss and Bartels, _Das Weib_, bd. 1. Sec. VI. [141] Ploss and Bartels, loc. cit.; Deniker, _Revue d'Anthropologie_, January 15, 1889, and _Races of Man_, p. 93. [142] Darwin. [143] G.F. Watts, "On Taste in Dress," _Nineteenth Century_, 1883. [144] From mediæval times onwards there has been a tendency to treat the gluteal region with contempt, a tendency well marked in speech and custom among the lowest classes in Europe to-day, but not easily traceable in classic times. Dühren (_Das Geschlechtsleben in England_, bd. II, pp. 359 et seq.) brings forward quotations from æsthetic writers and others dealing with the beauty of this part of the body. [145] Sonnini, _Voyage, etc._, vol. i, p. 308. [146] Ploss and Bartels, _Das Weib_, bd. 1, Sec. III; Mantegazza, _Fisiologia della Donna_, Chapter III. [147] Bloch brings together various interesting quotations concerning the farthingale and the crinoline. (_Beiträge zur Ætiologie der Psychopathia Sexualis_, Teil I, p. 156.) He states that, like most other feminine fashions in dress, it was certainly invented by prostitutes. [148] The racial variations in the form and character of the breasts are great, and there are considerable variations even among Europeans. Even as regards the latter our knowledge is, however, still very vague and incomplete; there is here a fruitful field for the medical anthropologist. Ploss and Bartels have brought together the existing data (_Das Weib_, bd. I, Sec. VIII). Stratz also discusses the subject (_Die Schönheit das Weiblichen Körpers_, Chapter X). [149] _Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits_, vol. v, p. 28. [150] These devices are dealt with and illustrations given by Ploss and Bartels, _Das Weib_ (loc. cit.). [151] See, e.g., _Parerga und Paralipomena_, bd. I, p. 189, and bd. 2, p. 482. Moll has also discussed this point (_Untersuchungen über die Libido Sexualis_, bd. I, pp. 384 et seq.).