[118] R. Canudo, "Les Chorèges Français," _Mercure de France_, May 1, 1907, p. 180. [119] "This is, in fact," Cyples declares (_The Process of Human Experience_, p. 743), "Art's great function--to rehearse within us greater egoistic possibilities, to habituate us to larger actualizations of personality in a rudimentary manner," and so to arouse, "aimlessly but splendidly, the sheer as yet unfulfilled possibilities within us." [120] Even when monotonous labor is intellectual, it is not thereby protected against degrading orgiastic reactions. Prof. L. Gurlitt shows (_Die Neue Generation_, January, 1909, pp. 31-6) how the strenuous, unremitting intellectual work of Prussian seminaries leads among both teachers and scholars to the worst forms of the orgy. [121] Rabutaux discusses various definitions of prostitution, _De la Prostitution en Europe_, pp. 119 et seq. For the origin of the names to designate the prostitute, see Schrader, _Reallexicon_, art. "Beischläferin." [122] _Digest_, lib. xxiii, tit. ii, p. 43. If she only gave herself to one or two persons, though for money, it was not prostitution. [123] Guyot, _La Prostitution_, p. 8. The element of venality is essential, and religious writers (like Robert Wardlaw, D.D., of Edinburgh, in his _Lectures on Female Prostitution_, 1842, p. 14) who define prostitution as "the illicit intercourse of the sexes," and synonymous with theological "fornication," fall into an absurd confusion. [124] "Such marriages are sometimes stigmatized as 'legalized prostitution,'" remarks Sidgwick (_Methods of Ethics_, Bk. iii, Ch. XI), "but the phrase is felt to be extravagant and paradoxical." [125] Bonger, _Criminalité et Conditions Economiques_, p. 378. Bonger believes that the act of prostitution is "intrinsically equal to that of a man or woman who contracts a marriage for economical reasons." [126] E. Richard, _La Prostitution à Paris_, 1890, p. 44. It may be questioned whether publicity or notoriety should form an essential part of the definition; it seems, however, to be involved, or the prostitute cannot obtain clients. Reuss states that she must, in addition, be absolutely without means of subsistence; that is certainly not essential. Nor is it necessary, as the _Digest_ insisted, that the act should be performed "without pleasure;" that may be as it will, without affecting the prostitutional nature of the act. [127] Hawkesworth, _Account of the Voyages_, etc., 1775, vol. ii, p. 254. [128] R.W. Codrington, _The Melanesians_, p. 235. [129] F.S. Krauss, _Romanische Forschungen_, 1903, p. 290. [130] H. Schurtz, _Altersklassen und Männerbünde_, 1902, p. 190. In this work Schurtz brings together (pp. 189-201) some examples of the germs of prostitution among primitive peoples. Many facts and references are given by Westermarck (_History of Human Marriage_, pp. 66 et seq., and _Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas_, vol. ii, pp. 441 _et seq._).