[151] [It appears that the nauseous character of these last butterflies is to a certain extent retained after death, as I found that in an old collection which had been destroyed by mites, the least mutilated specimens were species of _Danais_ and _Euplæa_, genera which are known to be distasteful when living, and to serve as models for mimicry. See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. xii. R.M.] [152] [This bears out the view expressed in a previous note 129, p. 290, that the grotesque attitude and caudal tentacles are more for protection against ichneumons than against larger foes. R.M.] [153] These experiments, as already mentioned above, were not made with the common German lizard (_Lacerta Stirpium_), but with the large South European _Lacerta Viridis_. [154] Thus, Boisduval states of this caterpillar, which in Provence lives on _Euphorbia esula_ and allied species:--“Its resemblance to a serpent, and its brilliant colour, permit of its being easily discovered.” This was written in 1843, long before natural selection was thought of. [155] Or some other extinct analogously-marked species. [156] [See Darwin’s remarks on the struggle for life being most severe between individuals and varieties of the same species “Origin of Species,” 6th ed. p. 59. R.M.] [157] [Compare this with Darwin’s remarks on “analogous variations,” “Origin of Species,” 6th ed., p. 125. R.M.] [158] “Zoologische Studien auf Capri. II. Lacerta muralis cærula, ein Beitrag zur Darwin’schen Lehre.” Leipzig, 1874. [The subject of colour-variation in lizards has been much discussed in “Nature” since the publication of the above mentioned essay; see vol. xix., pp. 4, 53, 97, and 122, and vol. xx., pp. 290 and 480. R M.] [159] “Über die Berechtigung der Darwin’schen Theorie.” Leipzig, 1868. See also the previous essay “On the Seasonal Dimorphism of Butterflies,” pp. 112-116. [160] [Mr. A. G. Butler has recently advanced the view that this family is not allied to the _Sphingidæ_, but is related on the one side to the _Pyrales_, and on the other to the _Gelechiidæ_. See his paper “On the Natural Affinities of the Lepidopterous Family _Ægeriidæ_,” Trans. Ent. Soc. 1878, p. 121. R.M.] [161] I am indebted to my esteemed colleague, Prof. Gestäcker, for the knowledge of this specimen. [162] Cat. Lep. East India Co., Pl. VIII. [163] Such a residue is distinctly visible in _S. Ocellatus_: see Fig. 70, Pl. VII.